Ukadaulo wolankhulana wopanda zingwe umagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pa intaneti ya zinthu, ndipo umakhudza mbali zosiyanasiyana. Nkhaniyi ikupereka chiyambi chachidule cha zina mwaukadaulo wolankhulana wa IoT womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri masiku ano.
1. Maukonde a Mafoni
Tonsefe tikudziwa bwino za ukadaulo wa mafoni—ukadaulo womwewo womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafoni a m'manja. Poyamba, ma netiweki a mafoni awa adapangidwira mafoni a m'manja omwe amagwiritsa ntchito batri ndipo sanali abwino kwambiri pakupanga IoT. Komabe, kupita patsogolo kwaposachedwa kwapangitsa kuti ukadaulo wa mafoni ukhale woyenera kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito IoT.
Ngakhale kuti ma netiweki a mafoni amapezeka kwambiri m'madera ambiri, kulumikizana kwa mafoni nthawi zambiri kumakhala kofooka m'malo omwe kuyang'anira ndikofunikira kwambiri, monga ma elevator, ma closet amagetsi, ndi zipinda zapansi. Ngakhale kuti ukadaulo watsopano wachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, kulumikizana kwa mafoni kumafunikirabe mphamvu zambiri kuposa ukadaulo wina uliwonse wopanda zingwe.
Ma network a mafoni a 5G, monga ukadaulo wa m'badwo wotsatira, umapereka liwiro lalikulu komanso kuyenda, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kuyang'anira makanema, mayendedwe ndi zinthu zina, kutumiza deta yachipatala, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zokha. Akuti pofika chaka cha 2024, padzakhalaAnthu 1.9 biliyoni ogwiritsa ntchito mafoni a 5G padziko lonse lapansi.
2. LPWAN
LPWAN idapangidwa kuti ithane ndi mavuto okhudzana ndi kulumikizana kwa mafoni. Poyerekeza ndi Bluetooth kapena Wi-Fi, LPWAN imatha kutumiza mapaketi ang'onoang'ono a data pamtunda wautali kwambiri.
LoRaWANndi imodzi mwa maukonde a IoT omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, zomwe zimathandiza kuti anthu azilankhulana patali. Imafuna mphamvu zochepa komanso ma chipset otsika mtengo. Kuphatikiza apo, netiweki iyi yakutali imatha kupereka kulumikizana kwa madera akuluakulu komanso okhala ndi anthu ambiri.
3. Wi-Fi
Ngakhale kuti Wi-Fi ndi yotchuka kwambiri m'nyumba, kufalikira kwake kochepa, kudalira magetsi, komanso zoletsa kukula kwa magetsi zimapangitsa kuti isagwire bwino ntchito pa IoT. Wi-Fi ndi yoyenera kwambiri pazida zapakhomo zomwe zingalumikizidwe mosavuta ku gwero lamagetsi ndipo nthawi zambiri si njira yabwino yolumikizirana ndi IoT m'mafakitale.
Muyezo wotchuka wa Wi-Fi,Wi-Fi 6, imapereka bandwidth yokwera ngakhale m'madera okhala anthu ambiri. Komabe, ikufunikabe kukonzedwa kwa zomangamanga.
4. Maukonde a Mesh
Monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, maukonde a maukonde amadalira kuyanjana pakati pa zigawo. Mosiyana ndi ma topologies a nyenyezi, komwe ma node onse amalumikizana ndi hub yapakati, maukonde a maukonde amatumiza deta pakati pa ma node mpaka ikafika pachipata.
Ma network a ma mesh sagwira ntchito bwino patali ndipo amafunika masensa ambiri kuti apereke chithandizo chokwanira. Amadya mphamvu zambiri kuposa mapulogalamu afupiafupi. Komabe, ma network a ma mesh ndi olimba komanso odalirika, amalola kutumiza deta mwachangu pa netiweki yonse, ndipo ndi osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito.
5. Bluetooth ndi BLE
Bluetooth ndi ukadaulo wotchuka wolumikizirana wapafupi womwe umapangidwa kuti utumize deta kuchokera pamalo amodzi kupita kwina kapena kuchokera pamalo amodzi kupita ku zida zingapo zamakasitomala.
Kuti akwaniritse zosowa zenizeni za zipangizo za IoT za ogula,Bluetooth Yochepa Mphamvuidapangidwa. Zipangizo zolumikizidwa ndi Bluetooth nthawi zambiri zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi mafoni a m'manja, omwe amagwira ntchito ngati malo olumikizirana pakati potumiza deta ku cloud. Pakadali pano, BLE imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzipangizo zovalidwa zachipatala.
6. Zigbee ndi Ma Protocol Ena a Mesh
Zigbee ndi yofanana kwambiri ndi maukonde a maukonde. Ndi ukadaulo waufupi wopanda zingwe womwe umapereka chithandizo cha netiweki potumiza deta ya masensa pakati pa ma node.
Mosiyana ndi ukadaulo wa LPWAN, Zigbee imaperekakuchuluka kwa deta ndi mphamvu zochepaZigbee ndi ma protocol ena ofanana ndi a mesh ndi oyenera kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito ma IoT afupi mpaka apakatikati pomwe ma node amagawidwa mofanana komanso mochuluka.
Njira yodziwika bwino yogwiritsira ntchito IoT ya Zigbee ndizochita zokha zapakhomoZigbee nthawi zambiri imaonedwa kuti si yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale, chifukwa kulumikizana kwake sikudalirika kwambiri pamene masensa afalikira m'malo akuluakulu kapena m'malo ovuta a netiweki.
7. LAN / PAN
Ma LAN ndi ma PAN ndi ma network otumizira deta otsika mtengo, koma kulumikizana kwawo sikudalirika kwenikweni. Mu mayankho a IoT, ma PAN ndi ma LAN opanda zingwe nthawi zambiri amaimiridwa ndiWi-Fi ndi Bluetooth.
Wi-Fi imagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri m'malo otsekedwa ndipo imafuna zizindikiro zamphamvu komanso kuyandikira kwa malo olowera kuti igwire ntchito bwino.
8. Kuzindikira Ma Radiyo Frequency
Kuzindikira Ma Radiyo (RFID)imagwiritsa ntchito mafunde a wailesi potumiza uthenga pang'ono pa mtunda waufupi kwambiri. Ndi yothandiza kwambiri m'mafakitale ogulitsa ndi oyendera.
Ma tag a RFID nthawi zambiri amamangiriridwa ku zinthu kapena zida mu ntchito zoyendetsera zinthu, zomwe zimathandiza mabizinesi kutsatira mosavuta kayendetsedwe ka katundu nthawi yeniyeni. Ukadaulo uwu umathandiza kukonza kayendetsedwe ka zinthu ndi kasamalidwe ka zinthu. Mu malo ogulitsira, ma tag a RFID amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mumakauntala odziwerengera okha ndi mashelufu anzeru.
Nthawi yotumizira: Januwale-15-2026