M'mawu a anthu wamba, kuphatikiza kwaNetiweki yosewera katatuzikutanthauza kuti ma network atatu akuluakulu a netiweki yolumikizirana, netiweki ya makompyuta ndi netiweki ya TV ya chingwe angapereke mautumiki olumikizirana athunthu kuphatikiza mawu, deta ndi zithunzi kudzera mu kusintha kwaukadaulo. Sanhe ndi mawu otakata komanso ogwirizana ndi anthu. Pakadali pano, amatanthauza "mfundo" pakufalitsa uthenga ku "nkhope", "mfundo" pakufalitsa uthenga ku "mfundo", ndi kompyuta. Kuphatikiza kosintha nthawi kwa malo osungira mu netiweki kuti atumikire bwino anthu sikutanthauza kuphatikiza kwa ma netiweki atatu akuluakulu a netiweki yolumikizirana, ma netiweki a makompyuta, ndi ma netiweki a wailesi yakanema, koma makamaka kumatanthauza kuphatikiza mapulogalamu apamwamba abizinesi. Pambuyo pa "kuphatikiza Network ya Triple-play", anthu amatha kugwiritsa ntchito TV remote control kuyimba mafoni, kuonera masewero a TV pafoni zawo zam'manja, kusankha ma netiweki ndi ma terminal ngati pakufunika, komanso kulumikizana kwathunthu, TV, ndi intaneti pongokoka mzere kapena mwayi wopanda zingwe.
Makwerero Atatu a Kukula kwa FTTx
Kukula kwa FTTx ya ku China kwadutsa magawo atatu. Gawo loyamba ndi kuyambira 2005 mpaka 2007. Gawoli ndi la gawo loyesera. Mu 2005, China Telecom inayambitsa mayeso a EPON-to-the-home ku Beijing, Guangzhou, Shanghai, ndi Wuhan kuti atsimikizire kukhwima kwaEPONKufufuza za makina ndi luso lomanga. Munthawi imeneyi, China Netcom, China Mobile, ndi zina zotero zachita mayeso ndi ntchito zoyeserera pa makina a PON. Kukula kwa FTTx pagawo lino ndi kochepa kwambiri.
Gawo lachiwiri ndi kuyambira 2008 mpaka 2009, lomwe ndi gawo lalikulu lokhazikitsa. Pambuyo pa gawo loyamba loyesa ndi kufufuza, China Telecom yazindikira kukhwima ndi magwiridwe antchito a dongosolo la EPON, ndipo nthawi yomweyo idafufuza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomangamanga za FTTx, ndipo mitundu yomanga ya FTTH/FTTB+LAN/FTTB+DSL yakhazikitsidwa. Chofunika kwambiri, chifukwa cha mtengo wokwera wa zingwe zamkuwa panthawiyo, mtengo wa chitsanzo chomanga cha FTTB unali ndi mwayi waukulu kuposa mtengo womanga wokhazikitsa zingwe zamkuwa. Kuchuluka kwa maukonde a FTTB ndi kukula kwake kunali bwino kuposa kwa netiweki yolumikizira zingwe zamkuwa. Chifukwa chake, kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2007, China Telecom idaganiza zogwiritsa ntchito FTTB+LAN kuti ikhazikitse malo akuluakulu m'malo omangidwa kumene mumzindawu, kuchita kusintha kwa FTTB+DSL optical input ndi copper output m'malo omwe alipo, ndikuletsa kwathunthu kukhazikitsa maukonde atsopano a zingwe zamkuwa. Pa gawoli, kuyika kwakukulu kwa FTTB kumachitika chifukwa cha magwiridwe antchito abwino.
Gawo lachitatu linayamba mu 2010, ndipo FTTx inalowa mu gawo latsopano la chitukuko. Kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2010, Nduna Wen Jiabao wa Bungwe la Boma anatsogolera msonkhano waukulu wa Bungwe la Boma ndipo anaganiza zofulumizitsa kuphatikiza netiweki yolumikizirana, netiweki ya wailesi ndi wailesi yakanema ndi intaneti. Ndikofunika kuti pakhale kufulumizitsa kumanga netiweki yolumikizirana ya fiber-optic komanso kusintha kwa ma netiweki a wailesi ndi wailesi yakanema, komanso kuti ma netiweki ndi wailesi yakanema ziyenera kutsegula misika yawo ndikupikisana moyenera. "Kuphatikizana kwa masewera atatu" kwayambitsa mpikisano watsopano ndi minda yatsopano yopikisana kumakampani onse azama telecom.
Mu Epulo, maunduna 7 ndi ma komishoni kuphatikiza Unduna wa Zamalonda ndi Ukadaulo wa Chidziwitso ndi National Development and Reform Commission adapereka limodzi "Maganizo Olimbikitsa Kumanga Ma Network a Optical Fiber Broadband", zomwe zimafuna kuti ogwira ntchito pa telefoni azifulumizitsa kumanga ma network a optical fiber, ndikufulumizitsa kukhazikitsa ma network a fiber optic m'mizinda ndi m'midzi m'madera akumidzi. "Maganizo" akupereka lingaliro lakuti pofika chaka cha 2011, chiwerengero cha madoko a optical fiber broadband chidzapitirira 80 miliyoni, kuchuluka kwa ogwiritsa ntchito m'mizinda kudzapitirira 8 Mbit/s, kuchuluka kwa ogwiritsa ntchito akumidzi kudzapitirira 2 Mbit/s, ndipo kuchuluka kwa ogwiritsa ntchito nyumba zamalonda kudzafikira kuchuluka kwa Mbit/s.. Mkati mwa zaka zitatu, ndalama zomwe zidzagwiritsidwe ntchito pomanga ma network a fiber optic broadband zidzapitirira 150 biliyoni yuan, ndipo chiwerengero cha ogwiritsa ntchito atsopano a broadband chidzapitirira 50 miliyoni.
Kuphatikiza ndi dongosolo lomanga la NGB lomwe linatulutsidwa kale ndi Boma la Unduna wa Ma wailesi, Mafilimu ndi Televizioni, bandwidth yofikira ya banja lililonse ikufunika kuti ifike pa 40Mbit/s. Mpikisano womwe unayambitsidwa ndi "triple play" pang'onopang'ono wayang'ana kwambiri mpikisano wa bandwidth yofikira. Ogwira ntchito pa telefoni ndi ogwira ntchito pa wailesi ndi wailesi yakanema agwirizana kuti FTTx ikhale ukadaulo wokonda kwambiri womanga netiweki yofikira mwachangu. Izi zimapangitsa kuti chitukuko cha FTTx chisinthe kuchoka pamtengo wokwera kupita pa mpikisano wamsika. Kukula kwa FTTx kwalowa gawo latsopano.
Kuchokera pamalingaliro ena, ndi chifukwa cha kufalikira kwakukulu komanso kokhwima kwa FTTx ku China komwe dzikolo likukhulupirira kuti kuchokera pamalingaliro aukadaulo ndi unyolo wamafakitale, pali maziko aukadaulo komanso ofunikira ofulumizitsa "kuphatikiza maukonde atatu". Kutengera kufunikira kokulitsa kufunikira kwa dziko ndikukweza mulingo waukadaulo wazidziwitso mdziko langa, dzikolo linayambitsa njira yadziko lonse ya "kuphatikiza Maukonde Atatu" posachedwa. Zinganenedwe kuti pali ubale wogwirizana kwambiri pakati pa chitukuko cha makampani aku China a FTTx ndi njira yadziko lonse ya "kuphatikiza Maukonde Atatu".
"Kusewera katatu" kumayambitsa malingaliro opanga FTTx
Ulusi-ku-x (FTTx) kupeza ulusi (FTTx, x = H yapakhomo, P yapakhomo, C yakumaloko ndi N yapa node kapena mdera) komwe ulusi wa FTTH kupita kunyumba, ulusi wa FTTP kupita ku malo, ulusi wa FTTC kupita ku Roadside/community, ulusi wa FTTN kupita ku node. Ulusi wapakhomo (FTTH) wakhala maloto komanso njira yaukadaulo yomwe anthu akhala akutsatira kwa zaka 20, koma chifukwa cha zopinga za mtengo, ukadaulo, ndi kufunikira, sunalimbikitsidwe komanso kupangidwa kwambiri. Komabe, kuyenda pang'onopang'ono kumeneku kwasintha kwambiri posachedwapa. Chifukwa cha chithandizo cha mfundo ndi chitukuko chaukadaulo, FTTH yakhalanso malo otchuka pambuyo pa zaka zambiri za chete, kulowa munthawi ya chitukuko chofulumira. Chitonthozo ndi kusavuta kwa moyo komwe kumabwera chifukwa cha mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana okhudzana ndi broadband monga VoIP, Online-game, E-learning, MOD (Multimedia on Demand) ndi smart home, komanso kuwonera kwapamwamba komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha HDTV Kusinthaku kwapangitsa ulusi wowala wokhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri monga bandwidth yayikulu, mphamvu yayikulu, ndi kutayika kochepa kukhala chisankho chosapeŵeka cha njira yomwe imatumiza deta kwa kasitomala. Pachifukwa ichi, anthu ambiri ozindikira amaona FTTx (makamaka fiber-to-the-home ndi fiber-to-the-placemises) ngati malo ofunikira kwambiri pakubwezeretsa msika wa kulumikizana kwa kuwala. Ndipo akuyembekezeka kuti m'zaka zingapo zikubwerazi, netiweki ya FTTH idzakhala ndi chitukuko chachikulu.
China Telecom ikukonzekera kumanga ma netiweki okwana 1 miliyoni a FTTH mu 2010. Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Wuhan ndi madera ena ndi mizinda yaperekanso chithandizo cha intaneti chothamanga kwambiri monga 20Mbit/s. Zingathe kunenedweratu kuti njira yomangira ya FTTH (fiber-to-the-home) idzakhala njira yomangira ya FTTx kuyambira 2011 kupita mtsogolo. Kukula kwa makampani a FTTx kudzakulanso moyenerera. Kwa ogwiritsa ntchito wailesi ndi wailesi yakanema, pambuyo pa "kuphatikiza ma netiweki atatu", momwe mungasinthire mwachangu ma netiweki omwe alipo ndikupanga ntchito zatsopano monga TV yolumikizirana, intaneti ya broadband, ndi mwayi wolankhula ndi mawu ndizofunikira kwambiri. Komabe, chifukwa cha kusowa kwa ndalama, ukadaulo, ndi luso, sizingatheke kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambiri kuti timange netiweki yolumikizirana yapamwamba kwambiri. Tingagwiritse ntchito zinthu zomwe zilipo kale, kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe zingatheke, ndikumanga pang'onopang'ono.
Nthawi yotumizira: Juni-27-2023