Zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ulusi wa kuwala zimatha kutenga mphamvu ya kuwala. Pambuyo particles mu kuwala CHIKWANGWANI zipangizo kuyamwa mphamvu kuwala, kutulutsa kugwedera ndi kutentha, ndi dissipate mphamvu, chifukwa mayamwidwe kutaya.Nkhaniyi ifotokoza za kuwonongeka kwa mayamwidwe a fiber fiber.
Tikudziwa kuti chinthu chimapangidwa ndi ma atomu ndi mamolekyu, ndipo ma atomu amapangidwa ndi ma atomiki nyukiliya ndi ma elekitironi a extranuclear, omwe amazungulira phata la atomiki munjira inayake. Izi zili ngati dziko lapansi lomwe tikukhalamo, komanso mapulaneti ngati Venus ndi Mars, onse amazungulira Dzuwa. Elekitironi iliyonse imakhala ndi mphamvu zinazake ndipo ili munjira inayake, kapena mwa kuyankhula kwina, njira iliyonse imakhala ndi mphamvu inayake.
Miyezo ya mphamvu ya orbital yomwe ili pafupi ndi nyukiliyasi ya atomiki ndi yotsika, pamene milingo ya mphamvu ya orbital kutali kwambiri ndi nyukiliya ya atomiki ndi yapamwamba.Kukula kwa kusiyana kwa msinkhu wa mphamvu pakati pa mayendedwe kumatchedwa kusiyana kwa msinkhu wa mphamvu. Pamene ma elekitironi akusintha kuchoka pa mlingo wochepa wa mphamvu kupita ku mlingo waukulu wa mphamvu, ayenera kuyamwa mphamvu pa kusiyana kofanana ndi mphamvu.
Mu ulusi wa kuwala, pamene ma elekitironi pa mlingo wina wa mphamvu amawunikiridwa ndi kuwala kwa kutalika kwa mawonekedwe ofanana ndi kusiyana kwa msinkhu wa mphamvu, ma elekitironi omwe ali pa orbitals otsika mphamvu amatha kusintha kupita ku orbitals okhala ndi mphamvu zambiri.Elekitironiyi imatenga mphamvu ya kuwala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuyamwa kwa kuwala.
Zomwe zimapangidwira kupanga ulusi wa kuwala, silicon dioxide (SiO2), imatenga kuwala, imodzi yotchedwa mayamwidwe a ultraviolet ndipo ina imatchedwa infrared absorption. Pakalipano, kuyankhulana kwa fiber optic nthawi zambiri kumangogwira ntchito pamtunda wa 0.8-1.6 μ m, kotero tidzangokambirana zotayika m'derali.
Kutalika kwa mayamwidwe opangidwa ndi kusintha kwamagetsi mu galasi la quartz ndi kuzungulira 0.1-0.2 μ m m'dera la ultraviolet. Pamene kutalika kwa mafunde kumawonjezeka, kuyamwa kwake kumachepa pang'onopang'ono, koma malo okhudzidwawo ndi aakulu, kufika pamtunda wa 1 μ m. Komabe, kuyamwa kwa UV sikukhudzanso ulusi wa quartz optical ulusi womwe umagwira ntchito m'dera la infrared. Mwachitsanzo, m'dera lowala lowoneka pamtunda wa 0.6 μ m, kuyamwa kwa ultraviolet kumatha kufika ku 1dB / km, komwe kumatsika mpaka 0.2-0.3dB / km pamtunda wa 0.8 μ m, ndipo pafupifupi 0.1dB / km pamtunda wa μ m1.2 μm.
Kutayika kwa mayamwidwe a infrared kwa quartz fiber kumapangidwa ndi kugwedezeka kwa zinthu zomwe zili m'dera la infrared. Pali nsonga zingapo zamayamwidwe a vibration mu band ya frequency pamwamba pa 2 μm. Chifukwa cha chikoka cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana za doping mu ulusi wa kuwala, ndizosatheka kuti ulusi wa quartz ukhale ndi zenera lotsika lotayika mu band pafupipafupi pamwamba pa 2 μ m. Kutayika kwa malire amalingaliro pamtunda wa 1.85 μ m ndi ldB / km.Kupyolera mu kafukufuku, anapezanso kuti pali "mamolekyu owononga" omwe amachititsa mavuto mu galasi la quartz, makamaka zonyansa zowononga zitsulo zosinthika monga mkuwa, chitsulo, chromium, manganese, ndi zina zotero. "oyipa" awa mwadyera amayamwa mphamvu ya kuwala pansi pa kuunikira kwa kuwala, kulumpha ndi kulumpha mozungulira, kuchititsa kutaya kwa mphamvu. Kuchotsa "oyambitsa mavuto" ndikuyeretsa ndi mankhwala zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ulusi wa kuwala kungachepetse kwambiri kutayika.
Njira ina yoyamwa mu quartz optical fibers ndi gawo la hydroxide (OH -). Zapezeka kuti hydroxide ili ndi nsonga zitatu zoyamwa mu gulu logwira ntchito la ulusi, zomwe ndi 0.95 μ m, 1.24 μ m, ndi 1.38 μ m. Pakati pawo, kutaya kwa kuyamwa pamtunda wa 1.38 μ m ndikovuta kwambiri ndipo kumakhudza kwambiri ulusi. Pa kutalika kwa 1.38 μ m, kutaya kwapamwamba kwambiri komwe kumapangidwa ndi ayoni a hydroxide okhala ndi 0.0001 okha ndi okwera mpaka 33dB/km.
Kodi ma hydroxide ions awa amachokera kuti? Pali magwero ambiri a ayoni a hydroxide. Choyamba, zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ulusi wa kuwala zimakhala ndi chinyezi ndi hydroxide, zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuchotsa panthawi yoyeretsa zopangira zopangira ndipo pamapeto pake zimakhalabe mu mawonekedwe a hydroxide ions muzitsulo za kuwala; Kachiwiri, mankhwala a haidrojeni ndi okosijeni omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ulusi wa kuwala amakhala ndi chinyezi chochepa; Chachitatu, madzi amapangidwa panthawi yopanga ulusi wa kuwala chifukwa cha zochita za mankhwala; Chachinayi ndikuti kulowa kwa mpweya wakunja kumabweretsa nthunzi yamadzi. Komabe, njira zopangira tsopano zakula kwambiri, ndipo zomwe zili mu hydroxide ions zachepetsedwa mpaka kufika pamtunda wochepa kwambiri kuti zotsatira zake pazitsulo za kuwala zinganyalanyazidwe.
Nthawi yotumiza: Oct-23-2025