Maukadaulo Asanu Aakulu a LAN Switches

Popeza ma switch a LAN amagwiritsa ntchito switch ya virtual circuit, amatha kuonetsetsa kuti bandwidth pakati pa ma port onse olowera ndi otulutsa si yotsutsana, zomwe zimathandiza kutumiza deta mwachangu pakati pa ma port popanda kupanga zopinga zotumizira. Izi zimawonjezera kwambiri kuchuluka kwa deta yomwe imaperekedwa ndi ma network information points ndikukonza bwino ma network system onse. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza ukadaulo waukulu asanu womwe ukukhudzidwa.

1. Pulogalamu ya ASIC (Njira Yogwirizana Yogwiritsidwa Ntchito)

Iyi ndi chip yodziyimira yokha yopangidwa mwapadera kuti ipangitse kusintha kwa Layer-2. Ndi ukadaulo wofunikira kwambiri wophatikiza womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito mu njira zamakono zolumikizirana. Ntchito zingapo zitha kuphatikizidwa pa chip imodzi, zomwe zimapereka zabwino monga kapangidwe kosavuta, kudalirika kwambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa, magwiridwe antchito apamwamba, komanso mtengo wotsika. Ma chip a ASIC omwe amakonzedwa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu ma switch a LAN amatha kusinthidwa ndi opanga - kapena ogwiritsa ntchito - kuti akwaniritse zosowa za pulogalamu. Akhala amodzi mwa ukadaulo wofunikira kwambiri mu ma switch a LAN.

2. Paipi Yogawidwa

Ndi mapaipi ogawidwa, mainjini ambiri otumizirana mauthenga amatha kutumiza mwachangu komanso paokha mapaketi awo. Mu payipi imodzi, ma chip angapo a ASIC amatha kukonza mafelemu angapo nthawi imodzi. Kugwirizana kumeneku ndi mapaipi kumakweza magwiridwe antchito otumizirana mauthenga kufika pamlingo watsopano, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magalimoto a unicast, Broadcast, ndi multicast agwire ntchito bwino pamadoko onse. Chifukwa chake, kufalitsa mauthenga ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakukweza liwiro la kusintha kwa LAN.

3. Memory Yosinthika Kwambiri

Pazinthu zosinthira za LAN zapamwamba, magwiridwe antchito apamwamba komanso magwiridwe antchito apamwamba nthawi zambiri amadalira makina anzeru osungiramo zinthu. Ukadaulo wosungiramo zinthu womwe umalola kuti switch iwonjezere mphamvu yosungiramo zinthu nthawi zonse malinga ndi zofunikira za anthu. Mu ma switch a Layer-3, gawo la memori limalumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi injini yotumizira zinthu, zomwe zimathandiza kuwonjezera ma module ambiri olumikizirana. Pamene chiwerengero cha mainjini otumizira zinthu chikukwera, memori yogwirizana nayo imakula moyenera. Kudzera mu ASIC processing yochokera paipi, ma buffer amatha kupangidwa modabwitsa kuti awonjezere kugwiritsa ntchito kukumbukira ndikuletsa kutayika kwa phukusi panthawi ya kuchuluka kwa deta.

4. Njira Zapamwamba Zoyendetsera Mzere

Kaya chipangizo cha netiweki chili ndi mphamvu yotani, chidzavutikabe ndi kuchulukana kwa magawo a netiweki yolumikizidwa. Mwachikhalidwe, magalimoto pa doko amasungidwa mu mzere umodzi wotuluka, ndikukonzedwa motsatira dongosolo la FIFO mosasamala kanthu za kufunika kwake. Mzere ukadzaza, mapaketi ochulukirapo amasiyidwa; mzere ukatalika, kuchedwa kumawonjezeka. Njira yachikhalidwe iyi yokhazikitsira mzere imabweretsa zovuta pakugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yeniyeni komanso multimedia.
Chifukwa chake, ogulitsa ambiri apanga ukadaulo wapamwamba woyika mizere kuti athandizire ntchito zosiyanasiyana pa magawo a Ethernet, pomwe akuwongolera kuchedwa ndi kugwedezeka. Izi zitha kuphatikiza milingo yambiri ya mizere pa doko lililonse, zomwe zimathandiza kusiyanitsa bwino milingo ya magalimoto. Ma multimedia ndi mapaketi a data a nthawi yeniyeni amayikidwa mu mizere yofunika kwambiri, ndipo ndi mizere yoyezedwa bwino, mizere iyi imakonzedwa pafupipafupi—popanda kunyalanyaza kwathunthu kuchuluka kwa magalimoto omwe ali ndi zofunikira zochepa. Ogwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu akale sazindikira kusintha kwa nthawi yoyankha kapena kufalikira, pomwe ogwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu ofunikira nthawi amalandira mayankho panthawi yake.

5. Kugawa Magalimoto Odziyimira Pawokha

Mu kutumiza deta pa netiweki, kuyenda kwa deta kwina ndikofunikira kwambiri kuposa kwina. Ma switch a Layer-3 LAN ayamba kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wogawa magalimoto kuti asiyanitse mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi zofunika kwambiri pa magalimoto. Machitidwe akusonyeza kuti ndi kugawa magalimoto paokha, ma switch amatha kuphunzitsa payipi yokonza mapaketi kuti isiyanitse kuyenda kwa magalimoto komwe kwasankhidwa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuchedwa kochepa komanso kutumiza zinthu zofunika kwambiri. Izi sizimangopereka kuwongolera bwino komanso kuyang'anira bwino njira zapadera zoyendera magalimoto, komanso zimathandiza kupewa kuchulukana kwa ma network.