Kodi Mungayese Bwanji Kugwira Ntchito ndi Kudalirika kwa Ma Cable a PROFINET?

1. Chifukwa Chake Kuyesa Ma Cable a PROFINET Ndikofunikira

PROFINET ndi muyezo wa Ethernet wa mafakitale womwe umalola kulumikizana nthawi yeniyeni pakati pa zipangizo m'malo opangira zinthu. Pamene mabungwe akudalira kwambiri ukadaulo uwu kuti apititse patsogolo kulumikizana ndikuwongolera njira, kufunika koonetsetsa kuti zingwe za PROFINET zikugwira ntchito bwino sikunganyalanyazidwe. Kuyesa zingwe izi si njira yodzitetezera yokha—ndi sitepe yofunika kwambiri poteteza zomangamanga zonse za netiweki.

Kuyesa zingwe za PROFINET kumatsimikizira zabwino zinayi zazikulu:

1. Kutumiza deta nthawi zonsepoletsa kutayika kwa paketi ndi kulephera kwa kulumikizana.

2. Kudalirika kwa netiweki, kuchepetsa nthawi yopuma yosayembekezereka.

3. Kutsatira miyezo, kutsimikizira kutsatira malamulo a IEC 61158 ndi PROFINET.

4. Kusunga ndalamamwa kuzindikira zolakwika zisanakule kukhala zolephera za dongosolo.

2. Magawo Ofunika Ogwirira Ntchito Oyenera Kuyesedwa

Poyesa zingwe za PROFINET, zinthu zotsatirazi ziyenera kuwunikidwa:

• Umphumphu wa chizindikiro- kuonetsetsa kuti deta ifalitsidwe bwino komanso popanda kusokonezedwa.

• Kufananiza kwa Impedance– PROFINET nthawi zambiri imafuna mawaya a 100Ω Cat5e/Cat6.

• Crosstalk (NEXT ndi FEXT)- imaletsa kusokonezana pakati pa mawaya a chingwe.

• Kuchepetsa mphamvu- amayesa kutayika kwa chizindikiro pa kutalika kwa chingwe.

• Kutayika kobwerera- amawunika malingaliro omwe amabwera chifukwa cha kutha kwa ntchito molakwika.

• Kuteteza bwino- chofunika kwambiri m'malo aphokoso kwambiri m'mafakitale.

• Kuwonongeka kwakuthupi- kudula, kupindika, kapena kupotoka kungachepetse magwiridwe antchito.

Chitsanzo cha chingwe:
Chingwe cha PROFINET mtundu wa B/C cha mafakitale a Cat5e Ethernet, cholembedwa ndi IP67 cha D-coded M12 cha amuna ndi akazi, ma conductor a SF/UTP 22AWG otchingidwa kawiri, apamwamba kwambiri akunja a mafakitale, cholembedwa ndi PLTC, jekete la TPE lobiriwira.

3. Njira Zoyesera Zingwe za PROFINET

1) Kuyang'ana Zooneka

Kuyang'ana bwino ndi maso ndi gawo loyamba poyesa kulimba kwa chingwe. Yang'anani zolumikizira zonse kuti muwone ngati pali zizindikiro za kuwonongeka, dzimbiri, kapena mapini opindika. Yang'anani kutalika kwa chingwe kuti muwone ngati chili ndi mphamvu yakuthupi, ngati chili chopindika, kapena ngati chili chotchinga. Kawirikawiri, sungani utali wocheperako wopindika wofanana ndi kuwirikiza kasanu ndi katatu kuposa kukula kwa chingwe kuti mupewe kuwonongeka kwa kondakitala wamkati.

2) Kuyesa Kopitilira

Kuyesa kopitilira kumaonetsetsa kuti ma conductor onse asanu ndi atatu alumikizidwa bwino kuyambira kumapeto mpaka kumapeto. Izi zimazindikira ma circuit otseguka, ma shorts, kapena mawaya odutsana omwe angasokoneze kulumikizana. Choyesa chingwe chosavuta kapena multimeter chingatsimikizire kupitiliza koyambira panthawi yoyika kapena kukonza.

3) Kuyesa Mapu a Waya

Kuyesa kwa ma wiringmap kumatsimikizira kugawa ma pin kolondola malinga ndi miyezo ya TIA-568A kapena TIA-568B. Kumazindikira ma split pairs omwe sangawonekere mu test yoyambira yopitilira koma angawononge kwambiri ubwino wa chizindikiro. Kutsimikizira kapangidwe ka ma wiring kumathandiza kusunga magwiridwe antchito ndi kutsatira miyezo yokhazikika.

4) Kuyesa Kukhulupirika kwa Zizindikiro

Kuyesa kukhulupirika kwa chizindikiro kumayesa kuthekera kwa chingwe kutumiza deta popanda kuwonongeka poyesa kuchepa kwa mphamvu, kulankhulana mozungulira, ndi kuletsa. Zida monga Fluke Networks DSX CableAnalyzer nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsimikizira kuti zingwe zikutsatira miyezo ya magwiridwe antchito a Ethernet ndi PROFINET.

5) Kutsimikizira Kuteteza ndi Kuteteza Pansi

Kuyesaku kukutsimikizira kuti chitetezo chimachitika nthawi zonse mu chingwe ndi zolumikizira, ndipo kumazindikira mavuto omwe angawonjezere chiopsezo cha EMI. Kuteteza ndi kuyika bwino nthaka ndikofunikira m'malo okhala ndi phokoso m'mafakitale.

6) Kuyesa Kuchuluka kwa Zolakwika za Bit (BERT)

BERT imayesa zolakwika zenizeni zotumizira deta zomwe zikuyikidwa. Poyesa kuchuluka kwa zolakwika za bit panthawi yogwira ntchito, mayesowa amapereka kuwunika koyenera kwa magwiridwe antchito a chingwe pakugwiritsa ntchito zenizeni—kofunikira kwambiri pa ma network omwe amafuna kudalirika kwambiri komanso kuchedwa kochepa.

7) Kuyesa Kupsinjika kwa Zachilengedwe

Kuyesa zachilengedwe kumaika zingwe pamalo otentha kwambiri, kugwedezeka, chinyezi, ndi zina zovuta kuti zitsimikizire kulimba m'malo opangira mafakitale kapena akunja. Zingwe za PROFINET zomwe zimayesedwa panja nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito majekete a PUR kapena PE kuti zisawonongeke ndi kuwala kwa UV komanso mankhwala.

Chitsanzo cha chingwe:
Chingwe cha PROFINET mtundu wa B/C cha mafakitale a Cat5e Ethernet, cholembedwa ndi IP67 cha D-coded M12 cha amuna ndi akazi, ma conductor a SF/UTP 22AWG otetezedwa kawiri, apamwamba kwambiri panja, cholembedwa ndi PLTC, jekete la TPE lobiriwira.

4. Zida Zoyesera Zovomerezeka

Magawo osiyanasiyana a zida zoyesera amaonetsetsa kuti chingwe cha PROFINET chikugwirizana ndi kukhulupirika kwake:

• Oyesa oyambira- Kuti mufufuze mwachangu momwe zinthu zilili komanso kuti muone ngati mapu akuyenderana.

• Oyesa satifiketi yapamwamba (monga Fluke, Softing)- Tsimikizirani kuti mukutsatira miyezo ya PROFINET ndi Ethernet poyesa kuchepa kwa mphamvu, kusinthasintha kwa mphamvu, kulephera kwa mphamvu, ndi zina zambiri.

• Ofufuza maukonde- Kuzindikira momwe netiweki imagwirira ntchito nthawi yeniyeni, kuyang'anira khalidwe la kulumikizana, ndikupeza mavuto ogwirira ntchito.

5. Malangizo Oyesera Modalirika

• Yesani nthawi zonse musanayike kuti mupewe nthawi yopuma komanso kukonzanso zinthu.

• Lembani mawaya onse oyesedwa ndi malipoti a satifiketi ya sitolo kuti muwone ngati zinthuzo zasungidwa bwino panthawi yowunikira kapena kukonza.

• Gwiritsani ntchito zolumikizira zotetezedwa m'malo okhala ndi EMI yayikulu kuti musunge umphumphu wa chizindikiro.

• Sinthani chingwe chilichonse ndi kutayika kwa chizindikiro chopitilira malire wamba (monga, >3 dB) kuti muwonetsetse kuti netiweki yanu ndi yodalirika kwa nthawi yayitali.

6. Zolakwa Zodziwika Kwambiri Zoyesera Zoyenera Kupewa

Zolakwika zomwe zimasokoneza kulondola kwa mayeso ndi izi:

• Kudumpha kutsimikizira chitetezo m'malo okhala ndi EMI yapamwamba.

• Kudalira zida zoyesera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ogula m'malo modalira zida zovomerezeka ndi PROFINET.

• Kunyalanyaza malangizo okhazikitsa makina opangira.

• Kulephera kuyesa zingwe zomwe zili ndi katundu weniweni, zomwe zimalepheretsa kuzindikira mavuto omwe amachitika panthawi yogwira ntchito yokha.

7. Malangizo Odalirika Kwa Nthawi Yaitali

• Gwiritsani ntchito zingwe za Cat6 kapena PROFINET zapamwamba kwambiri pamakina onse atsopano.

• Konzani dongosolo loteteza ndi kuyesa chingwe nthawi ndi nthawi kuti muwone kuwonongeka koyambirira.

• Sankhani zingwe za LSZH kapena PUR zomwe zili ndi jekete lolimba kapena lovuta.

• Sungani ndikugwira bwino zingwe, pewani kupindika kwambiri kapena kupsinjika kwa makina kuti mupewe ming'alu yaying'ono yomwe imawononga magwiridwe antchito amagetsi pakapita nthawi.

8. Mafunso Omwe Amafunsidwa Kawirikawiri Okhudza Kuyesa kwa Chingwe cha PROFINET

Q1: Kodi zingwe za PROFINET ziyenera kuyesedwa kangati?
A: Yesani nthawi yokhazikitsa komanso miyezi 12-18 iliyonse ngati gawo la kukonza koteteza.

Q2: Kodi zoyesa za Ethernet zokhazikika zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa zingwe za PROFINET?
A: Akhoza kuchita mayeso oyambira, koma oyesa ovomerezeka ndi PROFINET amalimbikitsidwa kuti akhale odalirika mokwanira.

Q3: Kodi kutalika kwa chingwe chothandizidwa ndi PROFINET ndi kotani?
A: Mamita 100 pa gawo lililonse la zingwe zamkuwa; fiber-optic PROFINET imatha kufalikira patali kwambiri.

Q4: Ndingatsimikizire bwanji kuti chitetezo chili bwino?
A: Mwa kuchita mayeso oteteza komanso oteteza nthaka.

Q5: Kodi kuyesa zingwe za PROFINET zakunja n'kosiyana?
A: Inde. Kuwonjezera pa mayeso amagetsi, kukana kwa UV, kupirira kutentha, ndi chitetezo cha chinyezi zimayesedwanso.