Mafunso ndi Mayankho 20 Achangu a Optical Fiber ndi Fiber Optic Cable

Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri pa Ulusi Wowala: Mafunso ndi Mayankho Achangu

Monga gulu lalikulu la zinthu, ulusi wa kuwala umaphatikizapo chidziwitso chambiri chaukadaulo. Nkhaniyi ikupereka mfundo zazikulu mu mtundu wa Mafunso ndi Mayankho mwachangu kuti zikhale zosavuta kuziwerenga.

1. Kodi ndi magawo otani oyambira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza makhalidwe a transmission a optical fiber link?

Yankho:Magawo akuluakulu ndi awa: kuchepa kwa mphamvu (attenuation), kufalikira (dispersion), bandwidth (bandwidth), cutoff wavelength (wavelength), ndi mode field diameter (MFD).

2. N’chiyani chimayambitsa kuchepa kwa kuwala kwa kuwala?

Yankho:Kuchepa kwa kuwala kwa ulusi wa kuwala kumatanthauza kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya kuwala pakati pa magawo awiri a ulusi ndipo kumasiyana malinga ndi kutalika kwa nthawi. Zomwe zimayambitsa ndi kufalikira, kuyamwa, ndi kutayika kwa kuwala komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha zolumikizira ndi ma splices.

3. Kodi coefficient ya attenuation ya ulusi wa kuwala imafotokozedwa bwanji?

Yankho:Imatanthauzidwa ngati kuchepa kwa unit kutalika kwa unit ya ulusi wofanana wa kuwala pansi pa mikhalidwe yokhazikika, yomwe nthawi zambiri imawonetsedwa mu dB/km.

4. Ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimapangitsa kuti phokoso likhalepo m'makina olumikizirana ndi ulusi wa kuwala?

Yankho:Magwero a phokoso ndi awa:

• Phokoso lochitika chifukwa cha kusakwanira kwa chiŵerengero cha kutha
• Kusintha kwa mphamvu ya kuwala kosasinthika
• Phokoso la jitter la nthawi
• Phokoso la mfuti ndi phokoso la kutentha mu wolandila
• Phokoso la modal mu ulusi
• Phokoso lochokera ku kukula kwa kugunda kwa mtima komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa mpweya
• Phokoso la kugawa kwa mode mu ma laser diode (LDs)
• Phokoso la phokoso la pafupipafupi mu ma LD
• Phokoso lochokera ku kusinkhasinkha

5. Kodi bandwidth ya ulusi wowala ndi yogwirizana ndi chiyani?

Yankho:Bandwidth ya fiber imatanthauza ma modulation frequency pomwe ma amplitude a mphamvu ya kuwala amatsika ndi 50% (kapena 3 dB) kuchokera ku zero-frequency value yake mu ntchito yosinthira ulusi. Bandwidth ya fiber ndi yofanana kwambiri ndi kutalika kwa ulusi, ndipo bandwidth-length product imakhalabe yofanana.

Chitsanzo cha Zamalonda: LC to SC Duplex OM3 50/125 Multimode Fiber Patch Cable, LSZH Jacket

6. Kodi pali mitundu ingati ya ulusi wofalikira, ndipo ikugwirizana ndi chiyani?

Yankho:Kufalikira kwa ulusi kumaphatikizapo:

• Kufalikira kwa modal
• Kufalikira kwa zinthu
• Kufalikira kwa mafunde (kapangidwe)

Kufalikira kumadalira makhalidwe a gwero la kuwala komanso ulusi wokha.

7. Kodi makhalidwe ofalikira a zizindikiro zomwe zimafalikira mu ulusi wa kuwala angafotokozedwe bwanji?

Yankho:Zitha kufotokozedwa pogwiritsa ntchito magawo atatu akuthupi:

• Kukulitsa kwa kugunda kwa mtima
• Bandwidth ya ulusi
• Kuchuluka kwa kufalikira

8. Kodi kutalika kwa nthawi yozungulira ndi kotani?

Yankho:Kutalika kwa mafunde ndi kutalika kwa mafunde kwaufupi kwambiri komwe njira yoyambira yokha ndiyo ingafalikire mu ulusi. Pa ulusi wa single-mode, kutalika kwa mafunde kuyenera kukhala kochepa kuposa kutalika kwa mafunde ogwirira ntchito.

9. Kodi kufalikira kwa ulusi kumakhudza bwanji magwiridwe antchito a dongosolo lolumikizirana?

Yankho:Kufalikira kwa ma pulses a kuwala kumakula panthawi yopatsira, zomwe zimakhudza:

• Mlingo wa zolakwika za Bit (BER)
• Mtunda wotumizira
• Liwiro la kutumiza kwa dongosolo

10. Kodi njira yosinthira zinthu m'mbuyo ndi iti?

Yankho:Njira yolumikizirana kumbuyo imayesa kuchepa kwa ulusi m'litali mwake. Ngakhale kuti mphamvu zambiri zowunikira zimayenda patsogolo, gawo laling'ono limafalikira kumbuyo kupita ku chotumizira. Mwa kuwona chizindikiro cholumikizira kumbuyo pakapita nthawi, n'zotheka kuyeza:

• Utali wa ulusi
• Kuchepetsa ulusi
• Zolakwika zakomweko
• Malo opumira
• Kutayika kwa ma splices ndi ma connectors

Chitsanzo cha Zamalonda: MPO 24-Pin mpaka 3×MPO 8-Pin OM4 50/125μm Chingwe cha Multimode Fiber, LSZH Jekete, Madzi

11. Kodi malo a OTDR omwe ali ndi vuto la kufa ndi chiyani, ndipo amakhudza bwanji mayeso?

Yankho:OTDR (Optical Time Domain Reflectometer) imagwiritsa ntchito kuwala kozungulira komwe kumapangidwa panthawi yotumiza kuwala kuti ipeze zambiri zochepetsera kuwala. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kuchepa kwa ulusi, kutayika kwa splice, malo olakwika, ndi kufalikira kwa kutayika motsatira ulusi.

Magawo ofunikira a magwiridwe antchito a OTDR ndi awa:

• Mitundu yosinthasintha
• Kuzindikira
• Mawonekedwe
• Nthawi yoyezera
• Malo opanda kanthu

Malo akufa ndi gawo lomwe limachitika nthawi yomweyo pambuyo pa chochitika chowunikira mwamphamvu pomwe OTDR silingathe kuzindikira kapena kuthetsa zochitika zotsatira. Mu kuyesa kogwira ntchito, ulusi woyambitsa ndi ulusi wolandira nthawi zambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa kukhudzidwa kwa madera akufa.

12. Kodi ulusi wa kuwala umagawidwa bwanji malinga ndi kugawa kwa refractive index?

Yankho:Ulusi wa kuwala umagawidwa m'magulu awiri:

• Ulusi wa Step-index
• Ulusi wowerengera

Ulusi wa Step-index uli ndi bandwidth yopapatiza ndipo ndi yoyenera kulumikizana kwapafupi komanso kotsika. Ulusi wa graded-index umapereka bandwidth yokulirapo ndipo ndi woyenera makina olumikizirana apakati ndi apamwamba.

13. Kodi ulusi wa kuwala umagawidwa bwanji malinga ndi njira zotumizira?

Yankho:Ulusi umagawidwa m'magulu awiri:

Ulusi wa Mtundu Umodzi (SMF)

• Chimake chapakati: pafupifupi 1–10 μm
• Imathandizira njira yoyambira yokha
• Yoyenera kutumiza mauthenga akutali komanso amphamvu kwambiri

Ulusi wa Multimode (MMF)

• Chimake chapakati: pafupifupi 50–60 μm
• Imathandizira njira zingapo zofalitsira
• Kugwira ntchito kotsika kwa ma transmission kuposa SMF

Mu makina oteteza mphamvu zamagetsi osiyanasiyana pogwiritsa ntchito njira zotetezera zamagetsi zambirimbiri, ulusi wa multimode nthawi zambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito pakati pa zida zosinthira magetsi m'chipinda cholumikizirana ndi zida zotetezera m'chipinda chowongolera.

14. Kodi kufunika kwa Numerical Aperture (NA) ya ulusi wotsatira step-index ndi kotani?

Yankho:Chitseko cha manambala (NA) chimasonyeza mphamvu yosonkhanitsa kuwala ya ulusi. Pamene NA ili yaikulu, ulusiwo umatha kusonkhanitsa kuwala komwe kukubwera.

15. Kodi birefringence mu ulusi wa kuwala wa single-mode ndi chiyani?

Yankho:Ulusi wa single-mode umathandizira njira ziwiri zolumikizirana. Ngati ulusiwo suli wofanana bwino ndi cylindrical, njira ziwiri zolumikizirana zidzakhala ndi zizindikiro zosiyana za refractive. Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa zizindikiro izi za refractive kumadziwika kuti birefringence.

Chitsanzo cha Zamalonda: Chingwe cha OM5 50/125 Multimode Fiber Optic, Dual LC mpaka Dual LC, 5 m, OFNR Zipcord Jacket

16. Kodi zoletsa zopindika za zingwe zamagetsi ndi ziti?

Yankho:Utali wopindika uyenera kukhala:

• OsacheperaNthawi 20m'mimba mwake wakunja kwa chingwecho pansi pa mikhalidwe yosasinthasintha
• OsacheperaNthawi 30m'mimba mwake wakunja kwa chingwecho poyika kapena kusuntha

17. Kodi ndi chiyani chomwe chiyenera kuganiziridwa mu mapulojekiti a ADSS optical cable?

Yankho:Zinthu zitatu zofunika kuziganizira paukadaulo ndi izi:

1. Kapangidwe ka makina a chingwe chowunikira
2. Kutsimikiza kwa malo oimika
3. Kusankha ndi kukhazikitsa zipangizo zofanana ndi zipangizo

18. Kodi ndi magawo awiri ofunikira kwambiri a magwiridwe antchito a zolumikizira za fiber optic ndi ati?

Yankho:Zolumikizira za fiber optic (zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa zolumikizira za patch) zimayesedwa makamaka ndi:

• Kutayika kwa Kuika (IL)
• Kutayika Kobwerera (RL)

19. Kodi kutayika kwa insertion mu fiber optic connector n'chiyani?

Yankho:Kutayika kwa magetsi kumatanthauza kuchepa kwa mphamvu yotumizira yomwe imachitika chifukwa cholowetsa cholumikizira munjira yowunikira. Kutayika kochepa kwa magetsi ndikoyenera. Malinga ndi malangizo a ITU-T, kutayika kwa magetsi sikuyenera kupitirira apo0.5 dB.

20. Kodi kutayika kobwerera (kuchepetsa kuwunikira) mu cholumikizira cha fiber optic n'chiyani?

Yankho:Kutayika kobwerera kumayesa kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yowunikira yomwe imabwereranso kudzera mu njira yolowera chifukwa cha kuwunikira kolumikizira. Kutayika kobwerera kwakukulu kumasonyeza magwiridwe antchito abwino, ndi mtengo wamba wa25 dB kapena kuposerapo.