Munthawi ino yakukula mwachangu kwa intaneti, ukadaulo wa fiber optic access walowa m'mbali zonse za moyo wathu. Kulumikizana kwapaintaneti kokhazikika komanso kothamanga kwambiri ndikofunikira ngakhale mukusangalala kuwonera makanema apa TV, kusewera masewera kunyumba, kapena kuchita bwino mabizinesi osiyanasiyana m'makampani. Pakati pa matekinoloje ambiri ofikira fiber optic, EPON ndi GPON mosakayikira ndizabwino kwambiri. Lero, tiyeni tifufuze kusiyana pakati pa matekinoloje awiriwa palimodzi.
Chiyambi cha Technology ndi Standard Protocol
EPON, Ethernet passive optical network imapangidwa kutengera ukadaulo wa Efaneti. Imatsatira muyezo IEEE 802.3ah. Muyezo uwu umakhazikitsa mgwirizano wachilengedwe komanso wapafupi pakati pa EPON ndi Efaneti, popeza umatengera mwachindunji mawonekedwe a Efaneti, monga kuyika Efaneti pa "chovala" cha fiber optic access. Kwa iwo omwe amadziwa kale ukadaulo wa Efaneti, kukonza zida za EPON, kasamalidwe ka maukonde, ndi ntchito zina zili ngati kugwira ntchito m'munda wodziwika bwino, wosavuta kuphunzira komanso wosavuta kumva. Mwachitsanzo, mu network ya campus yomwe yayika kale mizere ya Efaneti, ngati kupititsa patsogolo ku fiber optic access ikufunika, teknoloji ya EPON ikhoza kukwaniritsa mosavuta kusakanikirana ndi zipangizo za Ethernet zomwe zilipo.
GPON, Muyezo wa Gigabit Passive Optical Networks ndi mndandanda wa ITU-T G.984. Imatengera njira yovuta komanso yovuta kwambiri ya encapsulation - GEM (GPON Encapsulation Method). GEM ili ngati "bokosi losungira" lanzeru lomwe limatha kukonza bwino ndikuyika mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamabizinesi. Izi zimapangitsa GPON kuchita bwino kwambiri pochita bizinesi, kaya kuyimba mawu, kutumiza ma data ambiri, kapena kusewerera mavidiyo atanthauzo kwambiri, GPON imatha kuyankha ndikuwagwira mosavuta. Mu maukonde ophatikizika a mautumiki omwe amapatsa ogwiritsa ntchito intaneti, IPTV ndi ntchito za VoIP panthawi imodzimodzi, GPON ikhoza kuyendetsa ndi kufalitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mautumikiwa mwadongosolo mwadongosolo chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zamphamvu zosinthira ntchito, kuonetsetsa kuti ntchito iliyonse ikhoza kugwira ntchito mokhazikika komanso mogwira mtima.
Liwiro ndi mphamvu ya bandwidth
Mitengo ya uplink ndi downlink ya EPON nthawi zambiri imakhala yofanana, ndi mlingo wa 1.25Gbps. Komabe, mu njira yeniyeni yotumizira maukonde, chifukwa cha chibadwidwe cha mafelemu a Efaneti, monga zidziwitso zosiyanasiyana zowongolera zomwe zimatengedwa kumayambiriro ndi kumapeto kwa chimango, ngakhale kuti chidziwitsochi ndi chofunikira pakutumiza kolondola komanso kukonza kwa data, amakhalanso ndi zida zina za bandwidth, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti bandwidth yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito potumiza deta ya ogwiritsa ntchito ikhale yotsika pang'ono kuposa 1.25Gbps.
GPON ndiyopambana kwambiri pankhani ya liwiro, ili ndi liwiro lotsika mpaka 2.488Gbps komanso liwiro la uplink la 1.244Gbps kapena 2.488Gbps. GPON imatenga chimango kutalika kwa 125 μ s ndipo ili ndi njira yogawa bandwidth. Zili ngati mumsewu waukulu, GPON sikuti imangokulitsa misewu, komanso imakulitsa malamulo otumizira magalimoto, kulola magalimoto (deta) kuyenda bwino komanso moyenera. Mwanjira iyi, GPON ndi yabwino kwambiri kuposa EPON mu bandwidth yogwira ntchito ndipo imatha kufalitsa zambiri mu nthawi yofanana.
Chiwerengero cha Spectral
Chiŵerengero chogawanika ndi chizindikiro chofunikira choyezera kuchuluka kwa ukadaulo wofikira wa fiber optic ndi kuchuluka kwa ogwiritsa ntchito. Zimatanthawuza kuchuluka kwa mayunitsi a optical network (ONUs) omwe optical line terminal (OLT) angalumikizidwe.
Chiŵerengero chogawanika cha EPON nthawi zambiri chimakhala 1:32, ndipo ndi kukhathamiritsa kwapadera, chikhoza kufika pa 1:64. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mu netiweki ya EPON, chipangizo chimodzi cha OLT chimatha kulumikizana mpaka 32, ndipo zikavuta kwambiri, ma terminals 64 a ONU. Mwachitsanzo, pomanga mwayi wa fiber optic m'dera lokhalamo, ngati teknoloji ya EPON ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndipo chiŵerengero chogawanika ndi 1:32, ndiye kuti chipangizo chimodzi cha OLT chikhoza kupereka chithandizo cha intaneti kwa mabanja opitirira 32.
GPON ili ndi mwayi wochulukirapo potengera chiŵerengero chogawanika, ndi chiŵerengero chogawanika cha 1:64, ndipo ngakhale m'madera ena opangidwa mwaluso ndi okonzedwa bwino, amatha kukwaniritsa chiŵerengero chogawanika cha 1:128. Chiŵerengero chachikulu chogawanika chimapangitsa GPON kuchita bwino potengera kuchuluka kwa kufalitsa komanso kuchuluka kwa ogwiritsa ntchito olumikizidwa. Kutengera madera akumidzi mwachitsanzo, chifukwa cha dera lawo lalikulu ndi omwazika wosuta kugawa, ngati GPON luso anatengera, utilizing makhalidwe ake mkulu kuwala chiŵerengero cha, chipangizo chimodzi OLT angapereke ntchito kwa ogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri, kuchepetsa kwambiri zida ndalama ndalama komanso kuchepetsa vuto la maukonde kumanga ndi kukonza.
Zida mtengo ndi zogwirizana
Zipangizo za EPON zili ndi phindu lina lamtengo wapatali chifukwa chodalira luso la Ethernet lokhwima. Zida zake zamtengo wapatali ndizochepa, zomwe zimakhala zokongola kwambiri pama projekiti omanga maukonde okhala ndi bajeti zochepa komanso kukhudzidwa ndi ndalama. Mwachitsanzo, pomanga maukonde a mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono kapena ma projekiti okonzanso maukonde a malo akale okhalamo, chifukwa cha ndalama zochepa, phindu lotsika mtengo la zida za EPON zitha kuwoneka bwino. Komanso, chifukwa cha kuyanjana kwakukulu pakati pa EPON ndi Efaneti, zida za EPON zitha kuphatikizika mosavuta ndi zida zomwe zilipo pa intaneti pamalo omwe Ethernet imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, popanda kufunikira kosinthira zida zazikulu, ndikuchepetsanso mtengo wokweza maukonde.
Zipangizo za GPON, chifukwa chaukadaulo wawo wovuta, zimakhala ndi ndalama zambiri zopangira kafukufuku komanso zopangira zinthu zazikuluzikulu monga tchipisi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mtengo wokwera wa zida zonse. Komabe, zida za GPON, zokhala ndi magwiridwe antchito amphamvu komanso luso lothandizira mabizinesi olemera, zawonetsa phindu lapadera pazochitika zina zomwe zimafuna magwiridwe antchito apamwamba kwambiri komanso kusiyanasiyana kwamabizinesi. Mwachitsanzo, m'mafakitale akuluakulu amalonda, ndikofunikira kuti nthawi imodzi mukwaniritse zofunikira zopezera maukonde othamanga kwambiri amalonda ambiri, kupereka maukonde opanda zingwe opanda zingwe kwa makasitomala, ndikukwaniritsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana zamabizinesi monga kasamalidwe kanyumba mwanzeru. Zipangizo za GPON zitha kupereka chithandizo chodalirika pazosowa zovuta zamabizinesi izi ndi magwiridwe antchito komanso kusinthasintha kwawo.
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-17-2025