Pofuna kupeza mphamvu zambiri komanso mtunda wautali wotumizira mauthenga m'makina amakono olumikizirana ndi kuwala, phokoso, monga cholepheretsa chachikulu chakuthupi, nthawi zonse lakhala likulepheretsa kusintha kwa magwiridwe antchito.
Mu nthawi yachizoloweziEDFADongosolo la amplifier la fiber lopangidwa ndi erbium, gawo lililonse la optical transmission limapanga pafupifupi 0.1dB ya phokoso lokhazikika lotulutsa mpweya (ASE), lomwe limachokera ku quantum random nature ya kuwala/ma electron interactions panthawi ya amplification.
Mtundu uwu wa phokoso umawonekera ngati kugwedezeka kwa nthawi ya picosecond mu gawo la nthawi. Malinga ndi kulosera kwa chitsanzo cha jitter, pansi pa coefficient ya dispersion ya 30ps/(nm · km), kugwedezeka kumawonjezeka ndi 12ps ikatumiza 1000km. Mu gawo la ma frequency, kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa chiŵerengero cha optical signal-to-noise (OSNR), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutayika kwa sensitivity kwa 3.2dB (@ BER=1e-9) mu dongosolo la 40Gbps NRZ.
Vuto lalikulu kwambiri limachokera ku kulumikizana kwa mphamvu kwa zotsatira zosalunjika za ulusi ndi kufalikira - coefficient ya kufalikira kwa ulusi wachikhalidwe wa single-mode (G.652) muwindo la 1550nm ndi 17ps/(nm · km), kuphatikiza ndi kusintha kwa nonlinear phase komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha self phase modulation (SPM). Pamene mphamvu yolowera ipitirira 6dBm, zotsatira za SPM zidzasokoneza kwambiri mawonekedwe a pulse waveform.
Mu dongosolo la 960Gbps PDM-16QAM lomwe lawonetsedwa pachithunzi pamwambapa, kutsegula maso pambuyo pa kutumiza kwa 200km ndi 82% ya mtengo woyambira, ndipo Q factor imasungidwa pa 14dB (yofanana ndi BER ≈ 3e-5); Pamene mtunda wawonjezeka kufika pa 400km, zotsatira zophatikizana za cross phase modulation (XPM) ndi four wave mixing (FWM) zimapangitsa kuti digiri yotsegulira maso itsike kwambiri kufika pa 63%, ndipo kuchuluka kwa zolakwika za dongosolo kumapitirira malire okonza zolakwika za FEC a 10 ^ -12.
Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti mphamvu ya frequency chirp effect ya direct modulation laser (DML) idzaipiraipira - alpha parameter (linewidth enhancement factor) ya typical DFB laser ili pakati pa 3-6, ndipo kusintha kwake kwa frequency nthawi yomweyo kumatha kufika ± 2.5GHz (yofanana ndi chirp parameter C=2.5GHz/mA) pa modulation current ya 1mA, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pulse broadening rate ya 38% (cumulative dispersion D · L=1360ps/nm) itatha kutumizidwa kudzera mu 80km G.652 fiber.
Kulankhulana kwa njira mu ma wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems kumapanga zopinga zazikulu. Potengera mtunda wa ma channel a 50GHz mwachitsanzo, mphamvu yosokoneza yomwe imayambitsidwa ndi ma wave mixing anayi (FWM) ili ndi kutalika kogwira ntchito kwa Leff pafupifupi 22km mu ulusi wamba wa optical.
Kulankhulana kwa njira mu ma wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems kumapanga zopinga zazikulu. Potengera mtunda wa ma channel a 50GHz mwachitsanzo, kutalika koyenera kwa mphamvu yosokoneza yomwe imapangidwa ndi ma wave mixing anayi (FWM) ndi Leff=22km (yofanana ndi fiber attenuation coefficient α=0.22 dB/km).
Mphamvu yolowera ikawonjezeka kufika pa +15dBm, mulingo wolumikizana pakati pa njira zoyandikana umawonjezeka ndi 7dB (poyerekeza ndi -30dB baseline), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti dongosololi liwonjezere kubwezerera kwa cholakwika chamtsogolo (FEC) kuchoka pa 7% mpaka 20%. Mphamvu yosinthira mphamvu yomwe imayambitsidwa ndi kufalikira kwa Raman (SRS) komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi kufalikira kwa Raman (SRS) kumapangitsa kuti pakhale kutayika kwa pafupifupi 0.02dB pa kilomita imodzi mu njira zazitali za wavelength, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu itsike mpaka 3.5dB mu dongosolo la C+L band (1530-1625nm). Kubweza kwa slope nthawi yeniyeni kumafunika kudzera mu dynamic gain equalizer (DGE).
Malire a magwiridwe antchito a dongosolo la zotsatira zakuthupi izi pamodzi akhoza kuyesedwa ndi mtunda wa bandwidth product (B · L): B · L ya NRZ modulation system yachizolowezi mu G.655 fiber (dispersion compensated fiber) ndi pafupifupi 18000 (Gb/s) · km, pomwe ndi PDM-QPSK modulation ndi coherent detection technology, chizindikirochi chikhoza kukwezedwa kufika pa 280000 (Gb/s) · km (@ SD-FEC gain 9.5dB).
Ulusi wamakono wa 7-core x 3-mode space division multiplexing fiber (SDM) wafika pa mphamvu yotumizira ya 15.6Pb/s · km (mphamvu ya ulusi umodzi wa 1.53Pb/sx transmission distance ya 10.2km) m'malo ochitira kafukufuku kudzera mu mphamvu yofooka yolumikizirana pakati pa core crosstalk control (<-40dB/km).
Kuti afikire malire a Shannon, machitidwe amakono ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito pamodzi kupanga zinthu mwanzeru (PS-256QAM, kukwaniritsa phindu la 0.8dB), neural network equalization (NL compensation efficiency yakwezedwa ndi 37%), ndikugawa ukadaulo wa Raman amplification (DRA, gain slope accuracy ± 0.5dB) kuti awonjezere Q factor ya single carrier 400G PDM-64QAM transmission ndi 2dB (kuchokera ku 12dB mpaka 14dB), ndikuchepetsa kulolerana kwa OSNR kufika pa 17.5dB/0.1nm (@ BER=2e-2).
Nthawi yotumizira: Juni-12-2025