M'dziko la kulumikizana kwa fiber optic, kusankha kwa kutalika kwa kuwala kuli ngati kukonza mawayilesi ndi kusankha njira. Pokhapokha posankha "njira" yoyenera, chizindikirocho chikhoza kufalitsidwa momveka bwino komanso mokhazikika. Chifukwa chiyani ma module ena owoneka amakhala ndi mtunda wotumizira wa mita 500 okha, pomwe ena amatha kuyenda makilomita mazanamazana? Chinsinsi chagona mu 'mtundu' wa kuwala kwa kuwalako - ndendende, kutalika kwa mawonekedwe a kuwala.
M'maukonde amakono olumikizirana owoneka bwino, ma module owoneka amitundu yosiyanasiyana amatenga maudindo osiyanasiyana. Mafunde atatu apakati a 850nm, 1310nm, ndi 1550nm amapanga chimango cholumikizirana ndi kuwala, ndikugawikana koonekeratu kwa ntchito molingana ndi mtunda wotumizira, mawonekedwe otayika, ndi mawonekedwe ogwiritsira ntchito.
1. Chifukwa chiyani timafunikira mafunde angapo?
Chomwe chimayambitsa kusiyanasiyana kwa kutalika kwa ma module optical chili muzovuta ziwiri zazikulu pakufalitsa kwa fiber optic: kutayika ndi kubalalitsidwa. Pamene zizindikiro za kuwala zimafalitsidwa mu ulusi wa kuwala, mphamvu zowonongeka (kutaya) zimachitika chifukwa cha kuyamwa, kubalalitsa, ndi kutayikira kwa sing'anga. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kuthamanga kosagwirizana kwa magawo osiyanasiyana a kutalika kwa mafunde kumayambitsa kufalikira kwa mphamvu (kubalalitsidwa). Izi zapangitsa kuti pakhale njira zambiri zamawavelength:
• 850nm gulu:imagwira ntchito mu multimode optical fibers, yokhala ndi mtunda wautali kuchokera ku mita mazana angapo (monga ~ 550 metres), ndipo ndiyo mphamvu yayikulu yotumizira anthu mtunda waufupi (monga mkati mwa data center).
•1310nm gulu:imawonetsa mawonekedwe otsika obalalika mu ulusi wamtundu umodzi, wokhala ndi mtunda wofikira mpaka ma kilomita makumi (monga ~ makilomita 60), kupangitsa kuti ikhale msana wa kufala kwapakati.
•1550nm gulu:Ndi chiwopsezo chotsika kwambiri (pafupifupi 0.19dB/km), mtunda wongoyerekeza wodutsa utha kupitilira makilomita 150, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale mfumu yotalikirapo komanso yopitilira mtunda wautali.
Kukwera kwaukadaulo wa wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) kwawonjezera kwambiri mphamvu ya ulusi wa kuwala. Mwachitsanzo, ma single fiber bidirectional (BIDI) optical modules amakwaniritsa kulankhulana kwa bidirectional pa fiber imodzi pogwiritsa ntchito mafunde osiyanasiyana (monga 1310nm / 1550nm kuphatikiza) potumiza ndi kulandira mapeto, kupulumutsa kwambiri fiber. Ukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri wa Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) utha kukwaniritsa malo ocheperako (monga 100GHz) m'magulu apadera (monga O-band 1260-1360nm), ndipo ulusi umodzi ukhoza kuthandizira njira zambiri kapena mazana a kutalika kwa mawonekedwe, kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa kufalikira kwa ma Tbps ndi kuthekera kokwanira kwa fiber oleashings.
2.Momwe mungasankhire mwasayansi kutalika kwa ma module a kuwala?
Kusankhidwa kwa kutalika kwa mafunde kumafuna kuganizira mozama zinthu zotsatirazi:
Mtunda wotumizira:
Mtunda waufupi (≤ 2km): makamaka 850nm (multimode fiber).
Mtunda wapakatikati (10-40km): oyenera 1310nm (chimbale chamtundu umodzi).
Mtunda wautali (≥ 60km): 1550nm (fiber-mode fiber) iyenera kusankhidwa, kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamodzi ndi amplifier optical.
Zofunikira pakutha:
Bizinesi yanthawi zonse: Ma module a kutalika kokhazikika ndi okwanira.
Kuchuluka kwakukulu, kufalikira kwapamwamba kwambiri: Ukadaulo wa DWDM/CWDM umafunika. Mwachitsanzo, dongosolo la 100G DWDM lomwe likugwira ntchito mu O-band limatha kuthandizira njira zambiri zotalika kwambiri.
Kuganizira zamtengo:
Fixed wavelength module: Mtengo woyambira wagawo ndi wocheperako, koma mitundu ingapo ya kutalika kwa zida zosinthira ziyenera kusungidwa.
Tunable wavelength module: Ndalama zoyambira ndizokwera kwambiri, koma kudzera pakukonza mapulogalamu, zimatha kuphimba mafunde angapo, kuwongolera kasamalidwe ka zida zosinthira, ndipo m'kupita kwanthawi, kuchepetsa magwiridwe antchito ndi kukonza zovuta komanso ndalama.
Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito:
Data Center Interconnection (DCI): Kuchulukana kwakukulu, mayankho a DWDM opanda mphamvu ndi ofala.
5G fronthaul: Ndi zofunika kwambiri pa mtengo, latency, ndi kudalirika, kalasi ya mafakitale yopangidwa ndi single fiber bidirectional (BIDI) modules ndizosankha zofala.
Network park network: Kutengera mtunda ndi zofunikira za bandwidth, mphamvu zotsika, zapakatikati mpaka zazifupi CWDM kapena ma module okhazikika amatha kusankhidwa.
3.Mapeto: Chisinthiko cha Ukadaulo ndi Zolinga Zamtsogolo
Tekinoloje ya Optical module ikupitilizabe kubwereza mwachangu. Zipangizo zatsopano monga ma wavelength selective switch (WSS) ndi ma crystal amadzimadzi pa silicon (LCoS) akuyendetsa chitukuko cha zomangamanga zosinthika kwambiri. Zatsopano zomwe zimayang'ana magulu ena, monga O-band, zikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito nthawi zonse, monga kuchepetsa kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya module ndikusunga malire owoneka bwino a optical-to-noise ratio (OSNR).
Pakumanga maukonde m'tsogolo, akatswiri amangofunika kuwerengera molondola mtunda wotumizira posankha mafunde, komanso kuwunika mozama momwe magetsi amagwiritsidwira ntchito, kusinthasintha kwa kutentha, kachulukidwe kakachulukidwe, komanso ntchito zonse zoyendetsera moyo ndi kukonza. Ma module odalirika odalirika kwambiri omwe amatha kugwira ntchito mokhazikika kwa makilomita makumi ambiri m'malo ovuta kwambiri (monga -40 ℃ kuzizira koopsa) akukhala chithandizo chachikulu cha malo ovuta otumizira (monga masiteshoni akutali).
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-18-2025