Mu dziko la kulumikizana kwa fiber optic, kusankha kutalika kwa kuwala kuli ngati kusintha kwa ma radio frequency ndi kusankha njira. Pokhapokha posankha "njira" yoyenera ndi pomwe chizindikirocho chingatumizidwe momveka bwino komanso mokhazikika. Nchifukwa chiyani ma module ena a optical ali ndi mtunda wotumizira wa mamita 500 okha, pomwe ena amatha kutalika makilomita mazana ambiri? Chinsinsi chili mu 'mtundu' wa kuwalako - makamaka, kutalika kwa kutalika kwa kuwalako.
Mu ma network amakono olumikizirana a kuwala, ma module owoneka a ma wavelength osiyanasiyana amachita ntchito zosiyana kwambiri. Ma wavelength atatu apakati a 850nm, 1310nm, ndi 1550nm amapanga maziko ofunikira a kulumikizana kwa kuwala, ndi kugawa bwino ntchito pankhani ya mtunda wotumizira, mawonekedwe otayika, ndi zochitika zogwiritsidwa ntchito.
1. N’chifukwa chiyani tifunika mafunde ambirimbiri?
Chifukwa chachikulu cha kusiyana kwa mafunde mu ma module a optical chili m'mavuto awiri akuluakulu pakutumiza kwa fiber optic: kutayika ndi kufalikira. Pamene zizindikiro za kuwala zimatumizidwa mu ulusi wa optical, kuchepa kwa mphamvu (kutayika) kumachitika chifukwa cha kuyamwa, kufalikira, ndi kutuluka kwa medium. Nthawi yomweyo, liwiro losafanana la kufalikira kwa zigawo zosiyanasiyana za mafunde limayambitsa kufalikira kwa mafunde (kufalikira). Izi zapangitsa kuti pakhale njira zambiri zothetsera mafunde:
• Gulu la 850nm:Imagwira ntchito makamaka mu ulusi wa multimode optical, ndipo mtunda wotumizira nthawi zambiri umakhala mamita mazana angapo (monga ~ mamita 550), ndipo ndiye mphamvu yayikulu yotumizira mtunda waufupi (monga mkati mwa malo osungira deta).
•Bandi ya 1310nm:imaonetsa makhalidwe otsika ofalikira mu ulusi wamba wa single-mode, ndi mtunda wotumizira mpaka makilomita makumi (monga ~ makilomita 60), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale msana wa kutumiza kwa mtunda wapakati.
•Bandi ya 1550nm:Ndi kuchepa kwa mphamvu yamagetsi (pafupifupi 0.19dB/km), mtunda woyerekeza wamagetsi umatha kupitirira makilomita 150, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale mfumu yamagetsi oyenda mtunda wautali komanso wautali kwambiri.
Kukwera kwa ukadaulo wa wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) kwawonjezera kwambiri mphamvu ya ulusi wa kuwala. Mwachitsanzo, ma module a single fiber bidirectional (BIDI) optical amakwaniritsa kulumikizana kwa bidirectional pa ulusi umodzi pogwiritsa ntchito ma wavelength osiyanasiyana (monga kuphatikiza kwa 1310nm/1550nm) kumapeto otumizira ndi kulandira, zomwe zimasunga kwambiri zinthu za ulusi. Ukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri wa Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) ukhoza kukwaniritsa mtunda wopapatiza kwambiri wa wavelength (monga 100GHz) m'ma band enaake (monga O-band 1260-1360nm), ndipo ulusi umodzi ukhoza kuthandizira njira zambirimbiri kapena mazanamazana za wavelength, ndikuwonjezera mphamvu yonse yotumizira ku mulingo wa Tbps ndikutulutsa kwathunthu mphamvu ya fiber optics.
2. Kodi mwasayansi mungasankhe bwanji kutalika kwa ma modules a kuwala?
Kusankha kutalika kwa nthawi kumafuna kuganizira bwino zinthu zofunika izi:
Mtunda wotumizira:
Mtunda waufupi (≤ 2km): makamaka 850nm (ulusi wa multimode).
Mtunda wapakati (10-40km): woyenera 1310nm (ulusi wa single-mode).
Mtunda wautali (≥ 60km): 1550nm (ulusi wa single-mode) uyenera kusankhidwa, kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi optical amplifier.
Chofunikira pa mphamvu:
Bizinesi yachizolowezi: Ma module a wavelength osasinthika ndi okwanira.
Mphamvu yayikulu, kutumiza kwamphamvu kwambiri: Ukadaulo wa DWDM/CWDM ukufunika. Mwachitsanzo, makina a 100G DWDM omwe amagwira ntchito mu O-band amatha kuthandizira njira zambirimbiri zamphamvu kwambiri.
Zoganizira za mtengo:
Gawo lokhazikika la mafunde: Mtengo woyamba wa gawo ndi wotsika, koma mitundu yambiri ya mafunde a mafunde a zida zosinthira iyenera kusungidwa.
Gawo la mafunde osinthika: Ndalama zoyambira zimakhala zambiri, koma kudzera mu kusintha kwa mapulogalamu, zimatha kuphimba mafunde angapo, kuchepetsa kasamalidwe ka zida zosinthira, ndipo pamapeto pake, kuchepetsa zovuta zogwirira ntchito ndi kukonza komanso ndalama.
Chitsanzo cha ntchito:
Kulumikizana kwa Deta Center (DCI): Mayankho a DWDM okhala ndi mphamvu zochepa komanso ochulukirachulukira ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
5G fronthaul: Ndi zofunikira kwambiri pa mtengo, kuchedwa, komanso kudalirika, ma module a BIDI (single fiber bidirectional modules) opangidwa ndi mafakitale ndi omwe amasankhidwa kwambiri.
Netiweki ya malo osungiramo zinthu zamabizinesi: Kutengera ndi mtunda ndi zofunikira za bandwidth, ma module a CWDM a mphamvu zochepa, mtunda wapakati mpaka waufupi kapena ma wavelength okhazikika amatha kusankhidwa.
3. Mapeto: Kusintha kwa Ukadaulo ndi Zomwe Zikuganiziridwa Patsogolo
Ukadaulo wa ma module a optical ukupitilirabe kusinthasintha mofulumira. Zipangizo zatsopano monga ma switch osankha ma wavelength (WSS) ndi ma crystal amadzimadzi pa silicon (LCoS) zikuyendetsa chitukuko cha mapangidwe a ma network a optical osinthasintha. Zatsopano zomwe zikuyang'ana magulu enaake, monga O-band, zikukulitsa magwiridwe antchito nthawi zonse, monga kuchepetsa kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya ma module pomwe zikusunga malire okwanira a optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR).
Pakumanga ma netiweki mtsogolo, mainjiniya samangofunika kuwerengera molondola mtunda wotumizira mauthenga posankha mafunde, komanso kuwunika mokwanira momwe magetsi amagwiritsidwira ntchito, kusinthasintha kwa kutentha, kuchuluka kwa magetsi, ndi ndalama zonse zogwirira ntchito ndi kukonza. Ma module odalirika kwambiri a kuwala omwe amatha kugwira ntchito mokhazikika kwa makilomita makumi ambiri m'malo ovuta kwambiri (monga -40 ℃ kuzizira kwambiri) akukhala chithandizo chofunikira kwambiri m'malo ovuta otumizira mauthenga (monga malo oyambira akutali).
Nthawi yotumizira: Sep-18-2025