1. Chidule
AP yopanda zingwe (Malo Olowera Opanda Zingwe), ndiko kuti, malo olowera opanda zingwe, amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chosinthira chopanda zingwe cha netiweki yopanda zingwe ndipo ndiye maziko a netiweki yopanda zingwe. AP yopanda zingwe ndi malo olowera zipangizo zopanda zingwe (monga makompyuta onyamulika, malo osungira mafoni, ndi zina zotero) kuti zilowe mu netiweki yolumikizidwa. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'nyumba zapaintaneti, nyumba ndi mapaki, ndipo imatha kufalikira mamita makumi ambiri mpaka mamita mazana ambiri.
Wireless AP ndi dzina lokhala ndi matanthauzo osiyanasiyana. Sikuti limaphatikizapo malo osavuta opezera mawaya (ma Wireless AP), komanso liwu lofala la ma rauta opanda zingwe (kuphatikizapo zipata zopanda zingwe, milatho yopanda zingwe) ndi zida zina.
Wireless AP ndi njira yodziwika bwino yogwiritsira ntchito netiweki yopanda zingwe. Wireless AP ndi mlatho wolumikiza netiweki yopanda zingwe ndi netiweki yolumikizidwa, ndipo ndiye chida chachikulu chokhazikitsira netiweki yopanda zingwe (WLAN). Imapereka mwayi wolumikizana pakati pa zipangizo zopanda zingwe ndi ma LAN olumikizidwa. Mothandizidwa ndi ma AP opanda zingwe, zipangizo zopanda zingwe zomwe zili mkati mwa chizindikiro cha ma AP opanda zingwe zimatha kulankhulana. Popanda ma AP opanda zingwe, n'zosatheka kupanga WLAN yeniyeni yomwe ingathe kupeza intaneti. . Wireless AP mu WLAN ndi yofanana ndi ntchito ya siteshoni yotumizira mauthenga mu netiweki yolumikizirana yam'manja.
Poyerekeza ndi kapangidwe ka netiweki yolumikizidwa ndi waya, AP yopanda zingwe mu netiweki yopanda zingwe ndi yofanana ndi hub mu netiweki yolumikizidwa ndi waya. Imatha kulumikiza zida zosiyanasiyana zopanda zingwe. Khadi la netiweki lomwe chipangizochi chimagwiritsa ntchito ndi khadi la netiweki yopanda zingwe, ndipo njira yotumizira ndi mpweya (mafunde amagetsi). AP yopanda zingwe ndiye malo apakati pa chipangizo chopanda zingwe, ndipo zizindikiro zonse zopanda zingwe mu chipangizocho ziyenera kudutsamo kuti zisinthidwe.
2. Ntchito
2.1 Lumikizani opanda zingwe ndi waya
Ntchito yodziwika bwino ya AP yopanda zingwe ndi kulumikiza netiweki yopanda zingwe ndi netiweki yolumikizidwa, ndikupereka mwayi wolumikizana pakati pa chipangizo chopanda zingwe ndi netiweki yolumikizidwa. Monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa Chithunzi 2.1-1.
AP yopanda zingwe imalumikiza netiweki yolumikizidwa ndi zingwe ndi zida zopanda zingwe
2.2 WDS
WDS (Wireless Distribution System), ndiko kuti, wireless hot distribution system, ndi ntchito yapadera mu wireless AP ndi wireless rauta. Ndi ntchito yothandiza kwambiri kuti pakhale kulumikizana pakati pa zipangizo ziwiri zopanda zingwe. Mwachitsanzo, pali anansi atatu, ndipo banja lililonse lili ndi wireless rauta kapena wireless AP yomwe imathandizira WDS, kotero kuti chizindikiro cha wireless chikhoza kuphimbidwa ndi mabanja atatu nthawi imodzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kulumikizana kukhale kosavuta. Komabe, ziyenera kudziwika kuti zipangizo za WDS zomwe zimathandizidwa ndi wireless rauta zimakhala zochepa (Nthawi zambiri zipangizo 4-8 zimatha kuthandizidwa), ndipo zipangizo za WDS zamitundu yosiyanasiyana zingalepherenso kulumikizana.
2.3 Ntchito za AP yopanda zingwe
2.3.1 Kutumiza
Ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya AP yopanda zingwe ndi relay. Chomwe chimatchedwa relay ndikukulitsa chizindikiro chopanda zingwe kamodzi pakati pa malo awiri opanda zingwe, kuti chipangizo chopanda zingwe chakutali chilandire chizindikiro cholimba chopanda zingwe. Mwachitsanzo, AP imayikidwa pamalo a, ndipo pali chipangizo chopanda zingwe pamalo c. Pali mtunda wa mamita 120 pakati pa malo a ndi malo c. Kutumiza chizindikiro chopanda zingwe kuchokera pamalo a kupita pamalo c kwachepa kwambiri, kotero kumatha kukhala mamita 60 kutali. Ikani AP yopanda zingwe ngati relay pamalo b, kuti chizindikiro chopanda zingwe pamalo c chikhale cholimba bwino, motero kuonetsetsa kuti liwiro la kutumiza ndi kukhazikika kwa chizindikiro chopanda zingwe.
2.3.2 Kulumikiza
Ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya AP yopanda zingwe ndi kulumikiza. Kulumikiza ndi kulumikiza ma endpoint awiri opanda zingwe a AP kuti azitha kutumiza deta pakati pa ma AP awiri opanda zingwe. Nthawi zina, ngati mukufuna kulumikiza ma LAN awiri olumikizidwa, mungasankhe kudutsa mu AP yopanda zingwe. Mwachitsanzo, pamalo a pali LAN yolumikizidwa yokhala ndi makompyuta 15, ndipo pamalo a b pali LAN yolumikizidwa yokhala ndi makompyuta 25, koma mtunda pakati pa malo ab ndi ab ndi wautali kwambiri, wopitilira mamita 100, kotero sikoyenera kulumikiza ndi chingwe. Pakadali pano, mutha kukhazikitsa AP yopanda zingwe pamalo a ndi malo b motsatana, ndikuyatsa ntchito yolumikizira ya AP yopanda zingwe, kuti ma LAN pamalo ab ndi ab athe kutumiza deta kwa wina ndi mnzake.
2.3.3 Kachitidwe ka Master-slave
Ntchito ina ya AP yopanda zingwe ndi "master-slave mode". AP yopanda zingwe yomwe ikugwira ntchito munjira iyi idzaonedwa ngati kasitomala wopanda zingwe (monga khadi la netiweki yopanda zingwe kapena gawo lopanda zingwe) ndi AP yopanda zingwe kapena rauta yopanda zingwe. Ndikosavuta kuti oyang'anira netiweki aziyang'anira sub-network ndikupanga kulumikizana kwa mfundo-mpaka-mainpoint (rauta yopanda zingwe kapena AP yayikulu yopanda zingwe ndi mfundo imodzi, ndipo kasitomala wa AP yopanda zingwe ndi mfundo zambiri). Ntchito ya "master-slave mode" nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazolumikizira za LAN yopanda zingwe ndi LAN yolumikizidwa. Mwachitsanzo, mfundo a ndi LAN yolumikizidwa yokhala ndi makompyuta 20, ndipo mfundo b ndi LAN yopanda zingwe yokhala ndi makompyuta 15. Mfundo b ndi kale Pali rauta yopanda zingwe. Ngati mfundo a ikufuna kupeza mfundo b, mutha kuwonjezera AP yopanda zingwe pamalo a, kulumikiza AP yopanda zingwe ku switch pamalo a, kenako kuyatsa "master-slave mode" ya AP yopanda zingwe ndi kulumikizana kwa opanda zingwe pamalo a b. Rauta yalumikizidwa, ndipo panthawiyi makompyuta onse pamalo a akhoza kulumikizana ndi makompyuta pamalo a b.
3. Kusiyana pakati pa Wireless AP ndi Wireless Router
3.1 AP Yopanda Waya
AP yopanda zingwe, ndiko kuti, malo olowera opanda zingwe, ndi chosinthira chopanda zingwe mu netiweki yopanda zingwe. Ndi malo olowera ogwiritsa ntchito ma terminal am'manja kuti alowe mu netiweki yolumikizidwa ndi zingwe. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa intaneti yapaintaneti yapakhomo komanso yamkati mwa bizinesi. Mtunda wa kufalikira kwa zingwe ndi mamita makumi ambiri mpaka mamita mazana ambiri, ukadaulo waukulu ndi mndandanda wa 802.11X. Ma AP opanda zingwe ambiri alinso ndi njira ya kasitomala yolowera, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti maulalo opanda zingwe amatha kuchitika pakati pa ma AP, potero kukulitsa kufalikira kwa netiweki yopanda zingwe.
Popeza AP yosavuta yopanda zingwe ilibe ntchito yolumikizira maukonde, ndi yofanana ndi switch yopanda zingwe ndipo imangopereka ntchito yotumizira ma signali opanda zingwe. Mfundo yake yogwirira ntchito ndikulandira chizindikiro cha netiweki chomwe chimatumizidwa ndi awiri opindika, ndipo pambuyo posonkhanitsa ndi AP yopanda zingwe, sinthani chizindikiro chamagetsi kukhala chizindikiro cha wailesi ndikuchitumiza kuti chipange malo olumikizira netiweki yopanda zingwe.
3.2Rauta Yopanda Waya
AP yopanda zingwe yotalikirapo ndi yomwe nthawi zambiri timaitcha kuti rauta yopanda zingwe. Rauta yopanda zingwe, monga momwe dzina lake limanenera, ndi rauta yokhala ndi ntchito yophimba opanda zingwe, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kwa ogwiritsa ntchito kuti afufuze intaneti komanso kuphimba opanda zingwe. Poyerekeza ndi AP yosavuta yopanda zingwe, rauta yopanda zingwe imatha kugawana intaneti mu netiweki yopanda zingwe yapakhomo kudzera mu ntchito yolumikizira, komanso imatha kupeza mwayi wogawana opanda zingwe wa ADSL ndi broadband ya anthu ammudzi.
Ndikoyenera kunena kuti ma terminal opanda zingwe ndi a waya amatha kuperekedwa ku subnet kudzera pa rauta yopanda zingwe, kuti zipangizo zosiyanasiyana mu subnet zitha kusinthana deta mosavuta.
3.3 Chidule
Mwachidule, AP yosavuta yopanda zingwe ndi yofanana ndi switch yopanda zingwe; rauta yopanda zingwe (AP yopanda zingwe yolumikizidwa) ndi yofanana ndi "ntchito ya AP yopanda zingwe + rauta". Ponena za momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito, ngati nyumba yalumikizidwa kale pa intaneti ndipo mukufuna kungopereka mwayi wopanda zingwe, ndiye kuti kusankha AP yopanda zingwe ndikokwanira; koma ngati nyumbayo sinalumikizidwe pa intaneti, tifunika kulumikiza ku ntchito ya intaneti yopanda zingwe, ndiye kuti muyenera kusankha rauta yopanda zingwe panthawiyi.
Kuphatikiza apo, kuchokera pa mawonekedwe ake, awiriwa ndi ofanana kutalika, ndipo sizophweka kuwasiyanitsa. Komabe, ngati mutayang'ana bwino, mutha kuwona kusiyana pakati pa awiriwa: ndiko kuti, ma interface awo ndi osiyana. (Simple type) wireless AP nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi wired RJ45 network port, power supply port, configuration port (USB port kapena configuration kudzera mu WEB interface), ndi ma indicator lights ochepa; pomwe wireless router ili ndi ma network network ports anayi ena, kupatulapo WAN port imodzi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza ku zida za network zapamwamba, ndipo ma LAN ports anayi amatha kulumikizidwa ndi ma connection ku makompyuta omwe ali mu intranet, ndipo pali ma indicator lights ambiri.
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-19-2023