Zikafika pazida zam'mbali za ogwiritsa ntchito mumtundu wa Broadband fiber, nthawi zambiri timawona mawu achingerezi monga ONU, ONT, SFU, ndi HGU.Kodi mawuwa amatanthauza chiyani?Kodi pali kusiyana kotani?
1. ONU ndi ONTs
Mitundu yayikulu yogwiritsira ntchito ya Broadband Optical fiber access ikuphatikizapo: FTTH, FTTO, ndi FTTB, ndipo mitundu ya zida zogwiritsira ntchito ndi yosiyana pansi pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ntchito.Zida zogwiritsira ntchito za FTTH ndi FTTO zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi wogwiritsa ntchito mmodzi, wotchedwaONT(Optical network terminal, optical network terminal), ndi zida zambali za FTTB zimagawidwa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito angapo, otchedwaONU(Optical Network Unit, Optical network unit).
Wogwiritsa ntchito amene watchulidwa apa akunena za wogwiritsa ntchito yemwe amalipidwa paokha ndi wogwiritsa ntchito, osati kuchuluka kwa ma terminals omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito.Mwachitsanzo, ONT ya FTTH nthawi zambiri imagawidwa ndi ma terminals angapo kunyumba, koma wogwiritsa ntchito m'modzi yekha ndi amene angawerengedwe.
2. Mitundu ya ONTs
ONT ndi yomwe timakonda kuitcha modemu ya kuwala, yomwe imagawidwa mu SFU (Chigawo cha Banja Limodzi, gulu la ogwiritsa ntchito pabanja limodzi), HGU (Chipata Chachipata Chanyumba, Chipata Chanyumba) ndi SBU (Chigawo cha Business Single, unit single business user unit).
2.1.SFU
SFU nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi 1 mpaka 4 Ethernet yolumikizira, 1 mpaka 2 yolumikizira mafoni, ndipo mitundu ina imakhalanso ndi ma TV.SFU ilibe ntchito yolowera pakhomo, ndipo malo okhawo omwe amalumikizidwa ndi doko la Ethernet amatha kuyimba kuti apeze intaneti, ndipo ntchito yoyang'anira kutali ndi yofooka.Modem ya kuwala yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito koyambirira kwa FTTH ndi ya SFU, yomwe siigwiritsidwe ntchito pano.
2.2.Ma HGU
Ma modemu owoneka bwino okhala ndi ogwiritsa ntchito a FTTH otsegulidwa m'zaka zaposachedwa ndi onseHGU.Poyerekeza ndi SFU, HGU ili ndi zotsatirazi:
(1) HGU ndi chipangizo cholowera pakhomo, chomwe chimakhala chosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti;pomwe SFU ndi chida cholumikizira chowonekera, chomwe chilibe mphamvu zolowera pachipata, ndipo nthawi zambiri chimafunika kugwirizanitsa zida zapakhomo monga ma rauta akunyumba pamaneti apanyumba.
(2) HGU imathandizira njira yolowera ndipo ili ndi ntchito ya NAT, yomwe ndi chipangizo chosanjikiza-3;pomwe mtundu wa SFU umangogwirizira mawonekedwe a bridging-2, omwe ndi ofanana ndi switch-2 switch.
(3) HGU ikhoza kukhazikitsa pulogalamu yakeyake yoyimba foni, ndipo makompyuta olumikizidwa ndi ma terminals amatha kulowa pa intaneti popanda kuyimba;pomwe SFU iyenera kuyimbidwa ndi kompyuta kapena foni yam'manja kapena rauta yakunyumba.
(4) HGU ndiyosavuta pakugwira ntchito kwakukulu ndikuwongolera.
HGU nthawi zambiri imabwera ndiWifi ndipo ili ndi doko la USB.
2.3.SBUs
SBU imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pakugwiritsa ntchito kwa FTTO, ndipo nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mawonekedwe a Efaneti, ndipo mitundu ina imakhala ndi mawonekedwe a E1, mawonekedwe apamtunda, kapena ntchito ya wifi.Poyerekeza ndi SFU ndi HGU, SBU ili ndi chitetezo chabwino chamagetsi komanso kukhazikika kwapamwamba, ndipo imagwiritsidwanso ntchito nthawi zakunja monga kuyang'anira mavidiyo.
3. ONUType
ONU yagawidwa kukhalaMDU(Multi-Dwelling Unit, Multi-resident unit) ndi MTU (Multi-Tenant Unit, Multi-Tenant Unit).
MDU imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pofikira anthu okhalamo angapo pansi pa mtundu wa pulogalamu ya FTTB, ndipo nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mawonekedwe osachepera anayi, nthawi zambiri okhala ndi 8, 16, 24 FE kapena FE +POTS (mafoni okhazikika).
MTU imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pofikira ogwiritsa ntchito mabizinesi angapo kapena ma terminal angapo mubizinesi yomweyi muzochitika za FTTB.Kuphatikiza pa mawonekedwe a Efaneti ndi mawonekedwe amafoni okhazikika, amathanso kukhala ndi mawonekedwe a E1;mawonekedwe ndi ntchito za MTU nthawi zambiri sizifanana ndi za MDU.Kusiyanaku, koma ntchito yachitetezo chamagetsi ndiyabwinoko komanso kukhazikika kumakhala kokwera.Ndi kutchuka kwa FTTO, zochitika za MTU zikucheperachepera.
4. Chidule
Broadband optical fiber access imagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa PON.Pamene mawonekedwe enieni a zida zamtundu wa ogwiritsa ntchito sakusiyanitsidwa, zida zamtundu wa PON zitha kutchedwa kuti ONU.
ONU, ONT, SFU, HGU…izi zipangizo zonse zimafotokoza zida zambali zogwiritsa ntchito zofikira ku burodibandi kuchokera kumakona osiyanasiyana, ndipo ubale pakati pawo ukuwonetsedwa pachithunzi pansipa.
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-21-2023