Mu fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) network build, optical splitters, as core components of passive optical networks (PONs), zimathandiza anthu ambiri kugawana ulusi umodzi kupyolera mu kugawa mphamvu zamagetsi, zomwe zimakhudza mwachindunji machitidwe a maukonde ndi chidziwitso cha ogwiritsa ntchito. Nkhaniyi imasanthula mwadongosolo matekinoloje ofunikira mukukonzekera kwa FTTH kuchokera m'njira zinayi: kusankha ukadaulo wa optical splitter, kapangidwe kamangidwe ka maukonde, kukhathamiritsa kwapang'onopang'ono, ndi zomwe zidzachitike m'tsogolo.
Kusankha kwa Optical Splitter: PLC ndi FBT Technology Comparison
1. Planar Lightwave Circuit (PLC) Splitter:
Thandizo la gulu lonse (1260-1650 nm), loyenera machitidwe a multi-wavelength;
• Imathandizira kugawanika kwapamwamba (mwachitsanzo, 1 × 64), kutayika kwa kuika ≤17 dB;
• Kukhazikika kwa kutentha kwakukulu (-40 ° C mpaka 85 ° C kusinthasintha <0.5 dB);
•Kupaka pang'ono, ngakhale ndalama zoyambira ndizokwera kwambiri.
2. Fused Biconical Taper (FBT) Splitter:
• Imathandiza mafunde enieni okha (mwachitsanzo, 1310/1490 nm);
• Zochepa zogawanika (pansi pa 1 × 8);
•Kutayika kwakukulu kusinthasintha m'madera otentha kwambiri;
• Mtengo wotsika, woyenera pazochitika zochepetsera bajeti.
Njira Zosankhira:
M'matauni okhala ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono (nyumba zokhalamo zazitali, zigawo zamalonda), zogawika za PLC ziyenera kuyikidwa patsogolo kuti zikwaniritse zofunikira zogawanika pomwe zikugwirizana ndi kukweza kwa XGS-PON/50G PON.
Kwa zochitika zakumidzi kapena zocheperako, zogawa za FBT zitha kusankhidwa kuti zichepetse ndalama zoyambira. Zolosera zamsika zikuwonetsa kuti msika wa PLC upitilira 80% (LightCounting 2024), makamaka chifukwa cha zabwino zake zaukadaulo.
Mapangidwe a Network Architecture: Centralized vs Distributed Splitting
1. Centralized Tier-1 Splitter
•Topology: OLT → 1×32/1×64 splitter (yotumizidwa mu chipinda cha zida/FDH) → ONT.
• Zochitika zoyenera: Ma CBD akumidzi, malo okhalamo anthu okhalamo kwambiri.
Ubwino:
- 30% kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a zolakwika;
- Kutayika kwa gawo limodzi la 17-21 dB, kuthandizira kufalikira kwa 20 km;
- Kukula mwachangu kudzera m'malo ogawa (mwachitsanzo, 1 × 32 → 1 × 64).
2. Kugawidwa kwa Multi-Level Splitter
•Topology: OLT → 1×4 (Level 1) → 1×8 (Level 2) → ONT, kutumikira mabanja 32.
• Zochitika zoyenera: Madera akumidzi, mapiri, ma villa estates.
Ubwino:
- Amachepetsa mtengo wa fiber fiber ndi 40%;
- Imathandizira ring network redundancy (kusintha kwanthambi kokha);
- Zosinthika kumadera ovuta.
Kukhathamiritsa kwa Kugawaniza Ratiyo: Kuyanjanitsa Distance Yotumiza ndi Bandwidth Zofunikira
1. Concurrency User ndi Bandwidth Assurance
Pansi pa XGS-PON (10G kunsi kwa mtsinje) ndi kasinthidwe ka 1 × 64, nsonga yapamwamba ya bandwidth pa wosuta pafupifupi 156Mbps (50% concurrency rate);
Madera okhala ndi kachulukidwe kwambiri amafunikira Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation (DBA) kapena gulu lokulitsa la C++ kuti muwonjezere mphamvu.
2. Kukonzekera Kwamtsogolo Kwamtsogolo
Sungani ≥3dB Optical power margin kuti mugwirizane ndi ukalamba wa fiber;
Sankhani PLC ziboda zokhala ndi magawo ogawanika osinthika (mwachitsanzo, zosinthika 1 × 32 ↔ 1 × 64) kuti mupewe zomangamanga.
Future Trends ndi Technological Innovation
Ukadaulo wa PLC umatsogolera kugawanika kwakukulu:Kuchulukira kwa 10G PON kwapangitsa kuti zogawanitsa za PLC zikhale zovomerezeka, ndikuthandizira kukweza kosasunthika ku 50G PON.
Kukhazikitsidwa kwa Hybrid Architecture:Kuphatikizira kugawikana kwagawo limodzi m'matauni ndikugawikana kwamagawo angapo m'magawo akumidzi kumayendera bwino komanso mtengo wake.
Tekinoloje yanzeru ya ODN:eODN imathandizira kukonzanso kwakutali kwa magawo ogawanika ndi kulosera zolakwika, kupititsa patsogolo luntha logwira ntchito.
Kuphatikizika kwa Silicon Photonics:Tchipisi ta Monolithic 32-channel PLC zimachepetsa mtengo ndi 50%, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti 1 × 128 ultra-high splitting ratios kupititsa patsogolo chitukuko cha mzinda wanzeru.
Kupyolera mu kusankha luso logwirizana, kusinthika kwa zomangamanga, ndi kukhathamiritsa kwachiŵerengero chogawanika, maukonde a FTTH akhoza kuthandizira kutulutsa kwa gigabit burodibandi ndi zofunikira zamtsogolo zazaka khumi zaukadaulo.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-04-2025