Mu kapangidwe ka netiweki ya fiber-to-the-home (FTTH), optical splitters, monga zigawo zazikulu za passive optical networks (PONs), zimathandiza kugawana ulusi umodzi ndi ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri kudzera mu kugawa mphamvu ya optical, zomwe zimakhudza mwachindunji magwiridwe antchito a netiweki komanso zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito akukumana nazo. Nkhaniyi ikuwunika mwadongosolo ukadaulo wofunikira pakukonzekera FTTH kuchokera mbali zinayi: kusankha ukadaulo wa optical splitter, kapangidwe ka netiweki, kukonza kugawa kwa chiŵerengero, ndi zomwe zikuchitika mtsogolo.
Kusankha kwa Optical Splitter: Kuyerekeza kwa PLC ndi FBT Technology
1. Chogawanitsira cha Planar Lightwave Circuit (PLC):
•Chithandizo cha gulu lonse (1260–1650 nm), choyenera machitidwe a mafunde ambiri;
• Imathandizira kugawanika kwapamwamba (monga 1×64), kutayika kwa kuyika ≤17 dB;
•Kukhazikika kwa kutentha kwambiri (-40°C mpaka 85°C kusinthasintha <0.5 dB);
• Katundu kakang'ono, ngakhale kuti mtengo wake woyamba ndi wokwera.
2. Chopatulira cha Fused Biconical Taper (FBT):
• Imathandizira mafunde enieni okha (monga 1310/1490 nm);
•Kugawanika kochepa (pansi pa 1×8);
•Kusinthasintha kwakukulu kwa kutayika m'malo otentha kwambiri;
• Mtengo wotsika, woyenera pazochitika zotsika mtengo.
Njira Yosankhira:
M'madera okhala anthu ambiri m'mizinda (nyumba zokhalamo zazitali, madera amalonda), ma splitter a PLC ayenera kuyikidwa patsogolo kuti akwaniritse zofunikira pakugawanitsa kwapamwamba pomwe akupitilizabe kugwirizana ndi zosintha za XGS-PON/50G PON.
Pazochitika zakumidzi kapena za anthu ochepa, ma splitter a FBT angasankhidwe kuti achepetse ndalama zoyambira kuyika. Zoneneratu zamsika zikusonyeza kuti gawo la msika wa PLC lidzapitirira 80% (LightCounting 2024), makamaka chifukwa cha ubwino wake waukadaulo wokulirapo.
Kapangidwe ka Kapangidwe ka Network: Kugawikana kwa Pakati ndi Kugawidwa
1. Chigawo cha Centralised Tier-1 Splitter
•Topology: OLT → 1×32/1×64 splitter (yoyikidwa mu chipinda cha zida/FDH) → ONT.
•Malo ofunikira: Ma CBD a m'mizinda, malo okhala anthu ambiri.
• Ubwino:
- Kuwonjezeka kwa 30% pakugwira ntchito bwino kwa malo olakwika;
- Kutayika kwa 17–21 dB pa gawo limodzi, kuthandizira kutumiza kwa 20 km;
- Kukulitsa mphamvu mwachangu kudzera m'malo mwa splitter (monga, 1×32 → 1×64).
2. Chogawanitsa cha Magawo Ambiri Chogawidwa
•Topology: OLT → 1×4 (Gawo 1) → 1×8 (Gawo 2) → ONT, yotumikira mabanja 32.
•Malo oyenera: Madera akumidzi, madera amapiri, malo okhala ndi nyumba zazikulu.
• Ubwino:
- Amachepetsa mtengo wa ulusi wa msana ndi 40%;
- Imathandizira kubwezerezedwanso kwa netiweki ya mphete (kusinthana kwa cholakwika cha nthambi yokha);
- Yosinthika ku malo ovuta.
Kukonza Chiŵerengero Chogawanika: Kulinganiza Kutalikirana kwa Kutumiza ndi Zofunikira za Bandwidth
1. Kugwirizana kwa Ogwiritsa Ntchito ndi Chitsimikizo cha Bandwidth
Pansi pa XGS-PON (10G pansi) yokhala ndi ma splitter a 1×64, bandwidth yapamwamba pa wogwiritsa ntchito aliyense ndi pafupifupi 156Mbps (50% concurrency rate);
Malo okhala ndi anthu ambiri amafunika Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation (DBA) kapena expanded C++ band kuti awonjezere mphamvu.
2. Kukonza Zosintha Zamtsogolo
Sungani mphamvu ya kuwala ya ≥3dB kuti igwirizane ndi ulusi wokalamba;
Sankhani ma splitter a PLC okhala ndi ma ratios osinthika ogawa (monga, osinthika 1×32 ↔ 1×64) kuti mupewe kupangidwa kosafunikira.
Zochitika Zamtsogolo ndi Zatsopano za Ukadaulo
Ukadaulo wa PLC umatsogolera kugawanitsa kwapamwamba:Kuchuluka kwa 10G PON kwapangitsa kuti ma splitter a PLC agwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri, zomwe zathandizira kukweza mosavuta ku 50G PON.
Kugwiritsa ntchito zomangamanga zosakanikirana:Kuphatikiza kugawa kwa magawo amodzi m'mizinda ndi kugawa magawo ambiri m'madera akumidzi kumalimbitsa magwiridwe antchito ndi mtengo wake.
Ukadaulo wanzeru wa ODN:eODN imalola kusintha kwakutali kwa magawidwe a magawo ndi kulosera zolakwika, zomwe zimawonjezera luntha logwira ntchito.
Kupambana kwa kuphatikiza kwa Silicon Photonics:Ma chips a Monolithic 32-channel PLC amachepetsa mtengo ndi 50%, zomwe zimathandiza kuti 1×128 ultra-high splitting ratios zipititse patsogolo chitukuko cha mzinda wanzeru.
Kudzera mu kusankha ukadaulo wokonzedwa bwino, kusinthasintha kwa zomangamanga, komanso kukonza bwino kuchuluka kwa ma split ratio, ma network a FTTH amatha kuthandizira bwino kufalikira kwa gigabit broadband komanso zofunikira pakusintha kwa ukadaulo kwa zaka khumi.
Nthawi yotumizira: Sep-04-2025