Kutengera zaka za kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha zida zapaintaneti, tidakambirana zaukadaulo ndi mayankho achitetezo chamtundu wamtundu wapanyumba m'nyumba.Choyamba, imasanthula momwe zinthu zilili pano pamtundu wamtundu wamtundu wamtundu wapanyumba, ndikufotokozera mwachidule zinthu zosiyanasiyana monga ma fiber optics, zipata, ma routers, Wi-Fi, ndi magwiridwe antchito omwe amayambitsa zovuta zama network am'nyumba.Kachiwiri, matekinoloje atsopano okhudzana ndi netiweki amkati omwe amadziwika ndi Wi-Fi 6 ndi FTTR (Fiber To The Room) adzayambitsidwa.
1. Kuwunika kwa zovuta zamtundu wamtundu wamtundu wapanyumba m'nyumba
M'kati mwaFTTH(fiber-to-home), chifukwa cha chikoka cha mtunda wotengera kuwala, kugawanika kwa kuwala ndi kutayika kwa chipangizo, ndi kupindika kwa kuwala kwa kuwala, mphamvu ya kuwala yomwe imalandiridwa ndi chipata ikhoza kukhala yotsika ndipo kulakwitsa pang'ono kungakhale kwakukulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwonjezereka kwa chiwopsezo cha kutayika kwa paketi ya kutumiza kwapamwamba kwa ntchito., mtengowo ukutsika.
Komabe, magwiridwe antchito a zipata zakale nthawi zambiri amakhala otsika, ndipo zovuta monga kuchuluka kwa CPU ndikugwiritsa ntchito kukumbukira komanso kutenthedwa kwa zida ndizosavuta kuchitika, zomwe zimabweretsa kuyambiranso kwachilendo komanso kuwonongeka kwa zipata.Zipata zakale nthawi zambiri sizigwirizana ndi liwiro la gigabit network, ndipo zipata zina zakale zimakhalanso ndi zovuta monga tchipisi zakale, zomwe zimapangitsa kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa liwiro lenileni la kulumikizidwa kwa netiweki ndi mtengo wazongoyerekeza, zomwe zimalepheretsanso mwayi wowongolera wogwiritsa ntchito pa intaneti.Pakadali pano, zipata zakale zanzeru zakunyumba zomwe zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka 3 kapena kupitilira apo pamaneti yamoyo zimakhalabe ndi gawo lina ndipo zikufunika kusinthidwa.
2.4GHz frequency band ndi ISM (Industrial-Scientific-Medical) frequency band.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gulu lodziwika bwino pamawayilesi monga mawayilesi amderalo opanda zingwe, makina olumikizira opanda zingwe, Bluetooth system, point-to-point kapena point-to-multipoint spread spectrum communication system, yokhala ndi ma frequency ochepa komanso bandwidth yochepa.Pakalipano, palinso gawo lina lazipata zothandizira 2.4GHz Wi-Fi frequency band mu network yomwe ilipo, ndipo vuto la co-frequency / pafupi kusokoneza pafupipafupi ndilodziwika kwambiri.
Chifukwa cha zolakwika zamapulogalamu komanso kusakwanira kwa zida zapazipata zina, zolumikizira za PPPoE zimatsitsidwa pafupipafupi ndipo zipata zimayambiranso, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ogwiritsa ntchito asokonezeke pafupipafupi.Kulumikizana kwa PPPoE kukasokonezedwa pang'onopang'ono (mwachitsanzo, ulalo wotumizira wa uplink umasokonekera), wopanga zipata zilizonse amakhala ndi miyezo yosagwirizana yoyendetsera doko la WAN ndikuyambiranso kuyimba kwa PPPoE.Zipata za opanga ena zimazindikira kamodzi pa masekondi 20 aliwonse, ndikuyimbanso pokhapokha 30 atalephera kuzindikira.Zotsatira zake, zimatenga mphindi 10 kuti chipatacho chingoyambitsanso kubwereza kwa PPPoE pambuyo pongopita kunja kwa intaneti, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito akukumana nazo.
Zipata zanyumba zochulukirachulukira za ogwiritsa ntchito zimakonzedwa ndi ma router (amene pano amatchedwa "router").Pakati pa ma routers, ochepa amangothandizira madoko a 100M WAN, kapena (ndi) amangothandizira Wi-Fi 4 (802.11b/g/n).
Ma router opanga ena akadali ndi madoko amodzi a WAN kapena ma protocol a Wi-Fi omwe amathandizira kuthamanga kwa netiweki ya Gigabit, ndikukhala ma routers a "pseudo-Gigabit".Kuphatikiza apo, rauta imalumikizidwa ndi chipata kudzera pa chingwe cha netiweki, ndipo chingwe cha netiweki chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ogwiritsa ntchito ndi gulu la 5 kapena gulu lapamwamba la 5 chingwe, chomwe chimakhala ndi moyo waufupi komanso kuthekera kofooka koletsa kusokoneza, ndipo ambiri a iwo okha. kuthandizira liwiro la 100M.Palibe ma routers omwe tawatchulawa ndi zingwe zapaintaneti zomwe zingakwaniritse zofunikira zakusintha kwa ma gigabit ndi ma super-gigabit network.Ma routers ena amayambiranso pafupipafupi chifukwa cha zovuta zamtundu wazinthu, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito akukumana nazo.
Wi-Fi ndiye njira yayikulu yolumikizira opanda zingwe m'nyumba, koma zipata zambiri zapakhomo zimayikidwa m'mabokosi ofooka omwe ali pakhomo la ogwiritsa ntchito.Zochepa ndi malo a bokosi lofooka lamakono, zinthu za chivundikirocho, ndi mtundu wovuta wa nyumba, chizindikiro cha Wi-Fi sichikwanira kuphimba madera onse amkati.Kutali komwe chipangizo chamagetsi chimachokera kumalo olowera pa Wi-Fi, zopinga zambiri zimakhalapo, komanso kutayika kwakukulu kwa mphamvu ya chizindikiro, zomwe zingayambitse kugwirizanitsa kosakhazikika ndi kutayika kwa paketi ya data.
Pankhani ya maukonde a m'nyumba a zida zingapo za Wi-Fi, zovuta zomwe zimachitika pafupipafupi komanso zoyandikana ndi njira nthawi zambiri zimachitika chifukwa chakusintha kwamayendedwe osayenera, ndikuchepetsanso kuchuluka kwa Wi-Fi.
Ogwiritsa ntchito ena akamalumikiza rauta pachipata, chifukwa chosowa luso laukadaulo, amatha kulumikiza rauta ku doko lopanda gigabit lachipata, kapena sangalumikizane ndi chingwe mwamphamvu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale madoko otayirira.Pazifukwa izi, ngakhale wogwiritsa ntchito akulembera ntchito ya gigabit kapena akugwiritsa ntchito gigabit router, sangathe kupeza ntchito zokhazikika za gigabit, zomwe zimabweretsanso zovuta kwa ogwira ntchito kuti athetse zolakwika.
Ogwiritsa ntchito ena ali ndi zida zambiri zolumikizidwa ndi Wi-Fi m'nyumba zawo (zopitilira 20) kapena mapulogalamu angapo amatsitsa mafayilo mwachangu nthawi imodzi, zomwe zingayambitsenso mikangano yayikulu panjira ya Wi-Fi komanso kulumikizana kosakhazikika kwa Wi-Fi.
Ogwiritsa ntchito ena amagwiritsa ntchito materminal akale omwe amangothandizira ma frequency a single-frequency Wi-Fi 2.4GHz kapena ma protocol akale a Wi-Fi, kotero sangathe kupeza intaneti yokhazikika komanso yachangu.
2. Tekinoloje zatsopano zosinthira maukonde amkatiQmoyo
Ma bandwidth apamwamba, otsika kwambiri a latency monga kanema wa 4K/8K wotanthauzira mawu, AR/VR, maphunziro apa intaneti, ndi ofesi yakunyumba pang'onopang'ono akukhala zosowa zolimba za ogwiritsa ntchito kunyumba.Izi zimayika patsogolo zofunikira pamtundu wa netiweki yamtundu wamtundu wapanyumba, makamaka mtundu wa netiweki yamkati yanyumba.Ukadaulo womwe ulipo wapanyumba wam'nyumba wotengera FTTH (Fiber To The House, fiber to the home) wakhala wovuta kukwaniritsa zofunikira pamwambapa.Komabe, matekinoloje a Wi-Fi 6 ndi FTTR amatha kukwaniritsa bwino zomwe zili pamwambazi ndipo ziyenera kutumizidwa pamlingo waukulu posachedwa.
Wi-Fi 6
Mu 2019, Wi-Fi Alliance idatcha ukadaulo wa 802.11ax Wi-Fi 6, ndipo adatcha ukadaulo wakale wa 802.11ax ndi 802.11n Wi-Fi 5 ndi Wi-Fi 4 motsatana.
Wi-Fi 6imayambitsa OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access), MU-MIMO (Multi-User Multiple-Input Multiple-Output, multi-input multiple-output technology), 1024QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Moduture Moduture , quadrature modulation) ndi matekinoloje ena atsopano, chiwongoladzanja chokwanira chotsitsa chikhoza kufika 9.6Gbit / s.Poyerekeza ndi matekinoloje omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa Wi-Fi 4 ndi Wi-Fi 5 pamakampani, ili ndi kuchuluka kwapaintaneti, kuthekera kokulirapo kwa concurrency, kuchedwa kwa ntchito, kufalikira kwakukulu komanso mphamvu zocheperako.kumwa.
FTTRTzamakono
FTTR imatanthawuza kutumizidwa kwa zipata zonse zowoneka bwino ndi zida zazing'ono m'nyumba pamaziko a FTTH, komanso kukwaniritsidwa kwa njira yolumikizirana yolumikizana ndi kuwala kwa zipinda zogwiritsa ntchito.PONluso.
Chipata chachikulu cha FTTR ndiye maziko a netiweki ya FTTR.Imalumikizidwa kumtunda kwa OLT kuti ipereke fiber-to-the-home, ndi pansi kuti ipereke madoko owoneka kuti alumikizitse zipata zambiri za akapolo a FTTR.The FTTR akapolo pachipata kulankhula ndi zida terminal kudzera Wi-Fi ndi Efaneti polumikizira, amapereka ntchito mlatho kutumiza deta ya zida terminal ku pachipata chachikulu, ndipo amavomereza kasamalidwe ndi kulamulira FTTR pachipata chachikulu.Ma network a FTTR akuwonetsedwa pachithunzichi.
Poyerekeza ndi njira zachikhalidwe monga maukonde ochezera a pa intaneti, maukonde amagetsi, ndi maukonde opanda zingwe, maukonde a FTTR ali ndi zabwino izi.
Choyamba, makina ochezera a pa Intaneti ali ndi ntchito yabwino komanso bandwidth yapamwamba.Kulumikizana kwa fiber optical pakati pa master pachipata ndi chipata cha akapolo kumatha kukulitsa bandwidth ya gigabit kuchipinda chilichonse cha wogwiritsa ntchito, ndikuwongolera mawonekedwe a netiweki yakunyumba ya ogwiritsa ntchito mbali zonse.Netiweki ya FTTR ili ndi zabwino zambiri pakufalitsa bandwidth ndi kukhazikika.
Yachiwiri ndi yabwino Wi-Fi Kuphunzira ndi apamwamba.Wi-Fi 6 ndi kasinthidwe muyezo wa zipata FTTR, ndipo onse pachipata mbuye ndi akapolo pachipata angapereke Wi-Fi kugwirizana, mogwira kuwongolera bata la maukonde Wi-Fi ndi chizindikiro Kuphunzira mphamvu.
Ubwino wa intraneti yapanyumba umakhudzidwa ndi zinthu monga masanjidwe a netiweki yapanyumba, zida za ogwiritsa ntchito, ndi malo ogwiritsira ntchito.Chifukwa chake, kupeza ndi kupeza mawonekedwe osakhala bwino a netiweki yakunyumba ndi vuto lovuta pa intaneti.Kampani iliyonse yolumikizirana kapena wopereka maukonde amaika yankho lake motsatana.Mwachitsanzo, njira zaukadaulo zowunikira mtundu wa intranet ya netiweki yapanyumba ndikupeza zabwino;pitilizani kufufuza kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka data yayikulu komanso ukadaulo wanzeru zopangira pothandizira kukonza ma network am'nyumba a Broadband;kulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa FTTR ndi Wi-Fi 6 Wide network quality base ndi zina zambiri.
Nthawi yotumiza: May-08-2023