Kutengera zaka zambiri zomwe tachita kafukufuku ndi chitukuko pa zida za intaneti, takambirana za ukadaulo ndi njira zothetsera vuto la kutsimikizira khalidwe la intaneti yapakhomo. Choyamba, ikuwunika momwe zinthu zilili panopa pankhani ya ubwino wa intaneti yapakhomo yapakhomo, ndikulongosola mwachidule zinthu zosiyanasiyana monga fiber optics, zipata, ma rauta, Wi-Fi, ndi ntchito za ogwiritsa ntchito zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto a khalidwe la intaneti yapakhomo yapakhomo. Kachiwiri, ukadaulo watsopano wa intaneti yapakhomo wodziwika ndi Wi-Fi 6 ndi FTTR (Fiber To The Room) udzayambitsidwa.
1. Kusanthula mavuto a intaneti yapakhomo
Mu ndondomeko yaFTTH(fiber-to-home), chifukwa cha mphamvu ya mtunda wotumizira mauthenga a kuwala, kutayika kwa kuwala ndi kutayika kwa chipangizo cholumikizira, komanso kupindika kwa ulusi wa kuwala, mphamvu yowunikira yomwe imalandiridwa ndi chipata ikhoza kukhala yotsika ndipo kuchuluka kwa zolakwika za bit kungakhale kwakukulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuchuluka kwa kutayika kwa paketi ya kutumiza mauthenga a pamwamba pa layer service kuchepe. , kuchuluka kumatsika.
Komabe, magwiridwe antchito a zida zama gateway akale nthawi zambiri amakhala otsika, ndipo mavuto monga kugwiritsa ntchito CPU yambiri komanso kukumbukira komanso kutenthedwa kwa zida nthawi zambiri kumachitika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma gateway ayambenso kugwira ntchito molakwika komanso kugwa kwa ma gateway. Ma gateway akale nthawi zambiri sathandizira liwiro la netiweki ya gigabit, ndipo ma gateway ena akale ali ndi mavuto monga ma chips akale, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa liwiro lenileni la kulumikizana kwa netiweki ndi phindu la chiphunzitso, zomwe zimalepheretsanso mwayi wowongolera zomwe wogwiritsa ntchito akugwiritsa ntchito pa intaneti. Pakadali pano, ma gateway akale anzeru omwe akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka zitatu kapena kuposerapo pa netiweki yamoyo akadali ndi gawo linalake ndipo amafunika kusinthidwa.
Bandi ya ma frequency ya 2.4GHz ndi bandi ya ma frequency ya ISM (Industrial-Scientific-Medical). Imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati bandi yodziwika bwino ya ma frequency pa ma radio monga netiweki yapafupi yopanda zingwe, njira yolumikizira opanda zingwe, Bluetooth system, point-to-point kapena point-to-multipoint spread spectrum communication system, yokhala ndi ma frequency ochepa komanso bandwidth yochepa. Pakadali pano, pali njira zina zothandizira bandi ya ma frequency ya 2.4GHz Wi-Fi mu netiweki yomwe ilipo, ndipo vuto la co-frequency/adjacent frequency interference likuonekera kwambiri.
Chifukwa cha zolakwika za mapulogalamu ndi kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa ma gateway ena, kulumikizana kwa PPPoE nthawi zambiri kumachotsedwa ndipo ma gateway nthawi zambiri amayatsidwanso, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ogwiritsa ntchito asokonezeke pafupipafupi pa intaneti. Pambuyo poti kulumikizana kwa PPPoE kwasokonezedwa (mwachitsanzo, ulalo wotumizira wa uplink wasokonezedwa), wopanga aliyense wa ma gateway amakhala ndi miyezo yosasinthika yogwiritsira ntchito pozindikira madoko a WAN ndikuyambiranso kuyimba kwa PPPoE. Ma gateway ena opanga amazindikira kamodzi pa masekondi 20 aliwonse, ndipo amayimbanso kamodzi kokha pambuyo poti alephera kuzindikira 30. Zotsatira zake, zimatenga mphindi 10 kuti ma gateway ayambitse kubwerezanso kwa PPPoE atatha kulephera kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito amakumana nazo.
Zipata zambiri za ogwiritsa ntchito kunyumba zimakonzedwa ndi ma rauta (pano amatchedwa "ma rauta"). Pakati pa ma rauta awa, ambiri amangothandizira madoko a 100M WAN, kapena (ndipo) amangothandizira Wi-Fi 4 (802.11b/g/n).
Ma router ena opanga akadali ndi doko limodzi la WAN kapena ma protocol a Wi-Fi omwe amathandizira liwiro la netiweki ya Gigabit, ndipo amakhala ma router a "pseudo-Gigabit". Kuphatikiza apo, rauta imalumikizidwa ku chipata kudzera pa chingwe cha netiweki, ndipo chingwe cha netiweki chomwe ogwiritsa ntchito amagwiritsa ntchito kwenikweni ndi chingwe cha gulu la 5 kapena chapamwamba cha gulu la 5, chomwe chimakhala ndi moyo waufupi komanso mphamvu yofooka yoletsa kusokoneza, ndipo ambiri aiwo amangothandizira liwiro la 100M. Palibe ma router ndi zingwe za netiweki zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa zomwe zingakwaniritse zofunikira za kusintha kwa ma netiweki a gigabit ndi super-gigabit otsatira. Ma router ena amayambiranso nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha mavuto a khalidwe la malonda, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito amakumana nazo.
Wi-Fi ndiyo njira yayikulu yopezera mawaya amkati, koma zipata zambiri zapakhomo zimayikidwa m'mabokosi amagetsi ofooka pakhomo la wogwiritsa ntchito. Pokhala ndi malire a komwe bokosi lamagetsi lofooka lili, zinthu zomwe zili mkati mwake, komanso mtundu wa nyumba yovuta, chizindikiro cha Wi-Fi sichikwanira kuphimba madera onse amkati. Chipangizo cholumikizira chikakhala kutali ndi malo olowera a Wi-Fi, pali zopinga zambiri, ndipo mphamvu ya chizindikiro imachepa kwambiri, zomwe zingayambitse kusagwirizana kwa kulumikizana ndi kutayika kwa phukusi la data.
Pankhani ya kulumikizana kwamkati kwa zipangizo zambiri za Wi-Fi, mavuto omwe amakumana ndi ma frequency omwewo komanso omwe ali pafupi nthawi zambiri amapezeka chifukwa cha makonda osamveka bwino a ma channel, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti liwiro la Wi-Fi lichepe kwambiri.
Anthu ena akalumikiza rauta ku chipata, chifukwa chosowa chidziwitso chaukadaulo, amatha kulumikiza rauta ku doko la netiweki losakhala la gigabit la chipata, kapena sangalumikize chingwe cha netiweki mwamphamvu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madoko a netiweki asamayende bwino. Pazochitika izi, ngakhale wogwiritsa ntchito alembetse ntchito ya gigabit kapena akugwiritsa ntchito rauta ya gigabit, sangathe kupeza ntchito zokhazikika za gigabit, zomwe zimabweretsanso zovuta kwa ogwiritsa ntchito kuthana ndi zolakwika.
Ogwiritsa ntchito ena ali ndi zipangizo zambiri zolumikizidwa ku Wi-Fi m'nyumba zawo (zoposa 20) kapena mapulogalamu angapo otsitsa mafayilo mwachangu nthawi imodzi, zomwe zingayambitsenso kusamvana kwakukulu kwa njira za Wi-Fi komanso kulumikizana kwa Wi-Fi kosakhazikika.
Ogwiritsa ntchito ena amagwiritsa ntchito ma terminal akale omwe amathandizira gulu la ma frequency a Wi-Fi la 2.4GHz limodzi lokha kapena ma protocol akale a Wi-Fi, kotero sangathe kupeza intaneti yokhazikika komanso yachangu.
2. Ukadaulo watsopano wowongolera netiweki yamkatiQulemu
Ntchito zogwiritsa ntchito bandwidth yapamwamba komanso zocheperako monga makanema apamwamba a 4K/8K, AR/VR, maphunziro apaintaneti, ndi ofesi yakunyumba pang'onopang'ono zikukhala zosowa zovuta za ogwiritsa ntchito kunyumba. Izi zikuwonjezera zofunikira paubwino wa netiweki yapaintaneti yakunyumba, makamaka mtundu wa netiweki yapaintaneti yakunyumba. Netiweki yapaintaneti yakunyumba yomwe ilipo yozikidwa pa ukadaulo wa FTTH (Fiber To The House, fiber to the home) yakhala yovuta kukwaniritsa zofunikira zomwe zili pamwambapa. Komabe, ukadaulo wa Wi-Fi 6 ndi FTTR ukhoza kukwaniritsa bwino zofunikira zautumiki zomwe zili pamwambapa ndipo uyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamlingo waukulu mwachangu momwe zingathere.
Wi-Fi 6
Mu 2019, Wi-Fi Alliance idatcha ukadaulo wa 802.11ax Wi-Fi 6, ndipo idatcha ukadaulo wakale wa 802.11ax ndi 802.11n Wi-Fi 5 ndi Wi-Fi 4 motsatana.
Wi-Fi 6imayambitsa OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access), MU-MIMO (Multi-User Multiple-Input Multiple-Output, multi-user multiple-input multiple-output technology), 1024QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation, quadrature amplitude modulation) ndi matekinoloje ena atsopano, kuchuluka kwa kutsitsa kwapamwamba kwambiri kumatha kufika pa 9.6Gbit/s. Poyerekeza ndi matekinoloje a Wi-Fi 4 ndi Wi-Fi 5 omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mumakampani, ili ndi liwiro lalikulu la kutumiza, kuthekera kwakukulu kofanana, kuchedwa kochepa kwa ntchito, kufalikira kwakukulu komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa kwa terminal.
FTTRTukadaulo
FTTR imatanthauza kukhazikitsidwa kwa zipata zonse zowunikira ndi zida zazing'ono m'nyumba kutengera FTTH, komanso kuzindikira kufalikira kwa kulumikizana kwa ulusi wa kuwala m'zipinda za ogwiritsa ntchito kudzeraPONukadaulo.
Chipata chachikulu cha FTTR ndiye maziko a netiweki ya FTTR. Chimalumikizidwa mmwamba ku OLT kuti chipereke ulusi kunyumba, ndipo pansi kuti chipereke madoko owoneka kuti alumikizane ndi zipata zingapo za FTTR. Chipata cha FTTR cha akapolo chimalumikizana ndi zida za terminal kudzera mu Wi-Fi ndi Ethernet interfaces, chimapereka ntchito yolumikizira kuti itumize deta ya zida za terminal ku chipata chachikulu, ndipo chimavomereza kuyang'anira ndi kuwongolera chipata chachikulu cha FTTR. Network ya FTTR ikuwonetsedwa pachithunzichi.
Poyerekeza ndi njira zachikhalidwe monga kulumikizana kwa chingwe cha netiweki, kulumikizana kwa chingwe chamagetsi, ndi kulumikizana kwa waya opanda zingwe, ma netiweki a FTTR ali ndi zabwino zotsatirazi.
Choyamba, zida zolumikizirana zimakhala ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino komanso bandwidth yokwera. Kulumikizana kwa ulusi wa kuwala pakati pa master gateway ndi slave gateway kumatha kukulitsa bandwidth ya gigabit ku chipinda chilichonse cha wogwiritsa ntchito, ndikukweza mtundu wa netiweki yakunyumba ya wogwiritsa ntchito m'mbali zonse. Netiweki ya FTTR ili ndi zabwino zambiri pa bandwidth yotumizira komanso kukhazikika.
Chachiwiri ndi Wi-Fi yabwino komanso yapamwamba kwambiri. Wi-Fi 6 ndiye kasinthidwe kabwino ka ma FTTR gateways, ndipo gateway yayikulu komanso gateway ya akapolo zimatha kupereka maulumikizidwe a Wi-Fi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti maukonde a Wi-Fi akhale olimba komanso amphamvu.
Ubwino wa intaneti ya pa intaneti ya pa intaneti umakhudzidwa ndi zinthu monga kapangidwe ka netiweki ya pa intaneti, zida za ogwiritsa ntchito, ndi malo ogwiritsira ntchito. Chifukwa chake, kupeza ndi kupeza mtundu woyipa wa netiweki ya pa intaneti ndi vuto lalikulu pa netiweki yamoyo. Kampani iliyonse yolumikizirana kapena wopereka chithandizo cha netiweki amapereka yankho lake motsatana. Mwachitsanzo, njira zaukadaulo zowunikira mtundu wa netiweki ya pa intaneti ya pa intaneti ndikupeza mtundu woyipa; pitirizani kufufuza momwe deta yayikulu ndi ukadaulo wanzeru zogwirira ntchito zimagwiritsidwira ntchito pokonza mtundu wa netiweki yapa intaneti yapa intaneti yapa intaneti; kulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito FTTR ndi ukadaulo wa Wi-Fi 6. Ma network ambiri ndi zina zambiri.
Nthawi yotumizira: Meyi-08-2023