1. Mwachidule
Wireless AP (Wireless Access Point), ndiko kuti, malo opanda zingwe, amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chosinthira opanda zingwe cha intaneti yopanda zingwe ndipo ndiye maziko a intaneti opanda zingwe. Wireless AP ndiye malo ofikira zida zopanda zingwe (monga makompyuta am'manja, ma terminals am'manja, ndi zina zambiri) kuti alowe mu netiweki yamawaya. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'nyumba za Broadband, nyumba ndi mapaki, ndipo imatha kupitilira mamita makumi angapo mpaka mazana a mita.
Wireless AP ndi dzina lomwe lili ndi matanthauzo osiyanasiyana. Sizimangophatikizapo malo osavuta olowera opanda zingwe (Wireless APs), komanso mawu wamba a ma routers opanda zingwe (kuphatikiza zipata zopanda zingwe, milatho yopanda zingwe) ndi zida zina.
Wireless AP ndikugwiritsa ntchito ma network opanda zingwe amderali. Wireless AP ndi mlatho wolumikiza ma netiweki opanda zingwe ndi netiweki yamawaya, ndipo ndiye zida zoyambira pakukhazikitsa ma netiweki opanda zingwe (WLAN). Amapereka ntchito yolumikizana pakati pa zida zopanda zingwe ndi ma LAN a waya. Mothandizidwa ndi ma AP opanda zingwe, zida zopanda zingwe zomwe zili mkati mwa ma AP opanda zingwe zimatha kulumikizana wina ndi mnzake. Popanda ma AP opanda zingwe, nkosatheka kupanga WLAN yeniyeni yomwe imatha kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti. . AP yopanda zingwe mu WLAN ndi yofanana ndi gawo la ma transmitting base station mu network network network.
Poyerekeza ndi mamangidwe a netiweki yamawaya, AP yopanda zingwe mu netiweki yopanda zingwe ndi yofanana ndi malo omwe ali mu netiweki yamawaya. Ikhoza kugwirizanitsa zipangizo zamagetsi zosiyanasiyana. Khadi ya netiweki yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chipangizo chopanda zingwe ndi khadi ya netiweki yopanda zingwe, ndipo cholumikizira ndi mpweya (electromagnetic wave). Wireless AP ndiye pakatikati pagawo lopanda zingwe, ndipo ma siginecha opanda zingwe mugawoli ayenera kudutsamo kuti asinthe.
2. Ntchito
2.1 Lumikizani opanda zingwe ndi mawaya
Ntchito yodziwika bwino ya AP yopanda zingwe ndikulumikiza ma netiweki opanda zingwe ndi netiweki yawaya, ndikupereka ntchito yolumikizirana pakati pa chipangizo chopanda zingwe ndi netiweki yamawaya. Monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 2.1-1.
Wireless AP imalumikiza maukonde opanda zingwe ndi zida zopanda zingwe
2.2 WDS
WDS (Wireless Distribution System), ndiko kuti, makina ogawa opanda zingwe, ndi ntchito yapadera mu AP opanda zingwe ndi rauta opanda zingwe. Ndi ntchito yothandiza kwambiri kuzindikira kulumikizana pakati pa zida ziwiri zopanda zingwe. Mwachitsanzo, pali oyandikana nawo atatu, ndipo banja lililonse limakhala ndi rauta yopanda zingwe kapena AP yopanda zingwe yomwe imathandizira WDS, kotero kuti chizindikiro chopanda zingwe chikhoza kutsekedwa ndi mabanja atatu nthawi imodzi, kupangitsa kuti kulumikizana kukhale kosavuta. Komabe, ziyenera kuzindikirika kuti zida za WDS zothandizidwa ndi rauta opanda zingwe ndizochepa (Kawirikawiri zida 4-8 zitha kuthandizidwa), ndipo zida za WDS zamitundu yosiyanasiyana zimathanso kulephera kulumikiza.
2.3 Ntchito za opanda zingwe AP
2.3.1 Kutumiza
Ntchito yofunikira ya AP yopanda zingwe ndi kutumizirana mauthenga. Zomwe zimatchedwa relay ndikukulitsa chizindikiro chopanda zingwe kamodzi pakati pa mfundo ziwiri zopanda zingwe, kuti chipangizo chakutali chopanda zingwe chilandire chizindikiro champhamvu chopanda zingwe. Mwachitsanzo, AP imayikidwa pamalo a, ndipo pali chipangizo chopanda zingwe pa c. Pali mtunda wa mamita 120 pakati pa mfundo A ndi mfundo c. Kutumiza kwa ma siginecha opanda zingwe kuchokera ku point a kupita ku c kwafowoka kwambiri, kotero kumatha kukhala mtunda wa 60 metres. Ikani opanda zingwe AP monga relay pa mfundo b, kuti chizindikiro opanda zingwe pa mfundo c akhoza bwino patsogolo, motero kuonetsetsa kufala liwiro ndi kukhazikika kwa chizindikiro opanda zingwe.
2.3.2 Kulumikizana
Ntchito yofunikira ya AP yopanda zingwe ndikulumikiza. Kulumikiza ndikulumikiza ma endpoints awiri opanda zingwe a AP kuti azindikire kutumiza kwa data pakati pa ma AP awiri opanda zingwe. Muzochitika zina, ngati mukufuna kulumikiza ma LAN awiri opanda waya, mutha kusankha kudutsa pa AP yopanda zingwe. Mwachitsanzo, pamalopo pali LAN yamawaya yopangidwa ndi makompyuta 15, ndipo pamalopo b pali LAN yamawaya yopangidwa ndi makompyuta 25, koma mtunda pakati pa mfundo ab ndi ab ndi patali kwambiri, wopitilira 100 metres, kotero sichoncho. oyenera kulumikiza ndi chingwe. Panthawi imeneyi, mukhoza kukhazikitsa AP opanda zingwe pa mfundo a ndi mfundo b motero, ndi kuyatsa ntchito mlatho wa opanda zingwe AP, kuti LAN pa mfundo ab ndi ab akhoza kufalitsa deta wina ndi mzake.
2.3.3 Mphunzitsi-kapolo mode
Ntchito ina ya AP yopanda zingwe ndi "master-slave mode". AP yopanda zingwe yomwe ikugwira ntchito motere idzawonedwa ngati kasitomala opanda zingwe (monga ma network opanda zingwe khadi kapena ma module opanda zingwe) ndi master wireless AP kapena rauta opanda zingwe. Ndikosavuta kuti oyang'anira ma netiweki azitha kuyang'anira ma network ang'onoang'ono ndikuzindikira kulumikizana kwa point-to-multipoint (rauta yopanda zingwe kapena AP yayikulu yopanda zingwe ndi mfundo imodzi, ndipo kasitomala wa AP wopanda zingwe ali ndi mfundo zambiri). Ntchito ya "master-slave mode" imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri polumikizira ma LAN opanda zingwe ndi LAN yamawaya. Mwachitsanzo, point a ndi LAN yamawaya yopangidwa ndi makompyuta 20, ndipo point b ndi LAN yopanda zingwe yopangidwa ndi makompyuta 15. Point b ili kale Pali rauta yopanda zingwe. Ngati point a ikufuna kupeza malo a b, mutha kuwonjezera AP yopanda zingwe pamalopo, kulumikiza AP yopanda zingwe ku chosinthira pa point a, ndiyeno kuyatsa "master-slave mode" ya AP opanda zingwe ndi kulumikizana opanda zingwe pa. mfundo b. Router imalumikizidwa, ndipo panthawiyi makompyuta onse omwe ali pamalopo atha kulumikizana ndi makompyuta pamalo a b.
3. Kusiyana pakati pa Wireless AP ndi Wireless Router
3.1 Wireless AP
Wireless AP, ndiye kuti, malo opanda zingwe, ndikusintha opanda zingwe mu netiweki yopanda zingwe. Ndi malo olowera kuti ogwiritsa ntchito mafoni azitha kulowa mu netiweki yamawaya. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pakutumiza kwa Broadband kunyumba ndi mabizinesi mkati mwa netiweki. Mtunda wofikira opanda zingwe ndi Makumi a mita mpaka mazana a mita, ukadaulo waukulu ndi mndandanda wa 802.11X. General opanda zingwe APs amakhalanso ndi njira yofikira kasitomala, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti maulalo opanda zingwe amatha kuchitidwa pakati pa ma AP, potero kukulitsa kufalikira kwa netiweki yopanda zingwe.
Popeza AP yosavuta yopanda zingwe ilibe ntchito yolowera, imakhala yofanana ndi chosinthira opanda zingwe ndipo imangopereka ntchito yotumiza ma siginecha opanda zingwe. Mfundo yake yogwirira ntchito ndikulandira chizindikiro cha intaneti chomwe chimaperekedwa ndi awiri opotoka, ndipo mutatha kupangidwa ndi AP opanda zingwe, mutembenuzire chizindikiro chamagetsi kukhala chizindikiro chawailesi ndikuchitumiza kuti chikhale chothandizira pa intaneti yopanda zingwe.
3.2Wireless Router
AP yotalikirapo yopanda zingwe ndi yomwe nthawi zambiri timatcha rauta yopanda zingwe. Router yopanda zingwe, monga dzina lake limatanthawuzira, ndi rauta yokhala ndi ntchito yolumikizira opanda zingwe, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kuti ogwiritsa ntchito azitha kuyang'ana pa intaneti komanso kuphimba opanda zingwe. Poyerekeza ndi AP yosavuta yopanda zingwe, rauta yopanda zingwe imatha kuzindikira kugawana kwa intaneti pamaneti opanda zingwe anyumba kudzera munjira yolowera, komanso imatha kuzindikira mwayi wogawana opanda zingwe wa ADSL ndi burodibandi ya anthu.
Ndikoyenera kutchula kuti ma terminals opanda zingwe ndi ma waya amatha kuperekedwa ku subnet kudzera pa rauta yopanda zingwe, kuti zida zosiyanasiyana mu subnet zitha kusinthanitsa deta mosavuta.
3.3 Chidule
Mwachidule, AP yosavuta yopanda zingwe ndi yofanana ndi chosinthira opanda zingwe; rauta yopanda zingwe (yowonjezera opanda zingwe AP) ikufanana ndi "wireless AP + rauta ntchito". Ponena za zochitika zogwiritsira ntchito, ngati nyumbayo yalumikizidwa kale ndi intaneti ndipo ndikungofuna kupereka opanda zingwe, ndiye kusankha AP opanda zingwe ndikokwanira; koma ngati nyumba sichinagwirizane ndi intaneti, tifunika kugwirizanitsa ntchito ya Internet Wireless access, ndiye muyenera kusankha router opanda zingwe panthawiyi.
Kuonjezera apo, poyang'ana maonekedwe, awiriwa ali ofanana muutali, ndipo si zophweka kuwasiyanitsa. Komabe, ngati muyang'anitsitsa, mutha kuwona kusiyana pakati pa awiriwa: ndiko kuti, mawonekedwe awo ndi osiyana. (Mtundu Wosavuta) opanda zingwe AP nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ma network a RJ45 network, doko lamagetsi, doko lokonzekera (doko la USB kapena kasinthidwe kudzera pa mawonekedwe a WEB), ndi magetsi ocheperako; pomwe rauta yopanda zingwe ili ndi ma doko ena anayi olumikizira mawaya, kupatula Doko limodzi la WAN limagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti lilumikizane ndi zida zapaintaneti zapamwamba, ndipo madoko anayi a LAN amatha kulumikizidwa ndi makompyuta mu intranet, ndipo pali zowunikira zambiri.
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-19-2023