EPON (Network Yopanda Kuwala ya Ethernet)
Netiweki ya Ethernet passive optical ndi ukadaulo wa PON wozikidwa pa Ethernet. Umagwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe ka mfundo kupita ku mapointi ambiri komanso kutumiza kwa fiber optic passive, kupereka mautumiki angapo kudzera pa Ethernet. Ukadaulo wa EPON umayendetsedwa ndi gulu logwira ntchito la IEEE802.3 EFM. Mu June 2004, gulu logwira ntchito la IEEE802.3EFM linatulutsa muyezo wa EPON - IEEE802.3ah (wophatikizidwa mu muyezo wa IEEE802.3-2005 mu 2005).
Mu muyezo uwu, ukadaulo wa Ethernet ndi PON umaphatikizidwa, ndi ukadaulo wa PON womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pa physical layer ndi Ethernet protocol yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa data link layer, pogwiritsa ntchito topology ya PON kuti ikwaniritse Ethernet. Chifukwa chake, imaphatikiza zabwino za ukadaulo wa PON ndi ukadaulo wa Ethernet: mtengo wotsika, bandwidth yayikulu, kukula kwamphamvu, kuyanjana ndi Ethernet yomwe ilipo, kasamalidwe koyenera, ndi zina zotero.
GPON (PON Yokhoza Gigabit)
Ukadaulo uwu ndi m'badwo waposachedwa wa muyezo wa intaneti wophatikizidwa wa broadband passive optical womwe umachokera ku muyezo wa ITU-TG.984. x, womwe uli ndi zabwino zambiri monga bandwidth yayikulu, magwiridwe antchito apamwamba, malo ofikira ambiri, komanso malo olumikizirana ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri. Ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri amauona ngati ukadaulo woyenera kwambiri wokwaniritsa broadband ndi kusintha kwathunthu kwa mautumiki a netiweki yofikira. GPON idaperekedwa koyamba ndi bungwe la FSAN mu Seputembala 2002. Kutengera izi, ITU-T idamaliza kupanga ITU-T G.984.1 ndi G.984.2 mu Marichi 2003, ndipo G.984.3 yokhazikika mu February ndi June 2004. Chifukwa chake, banja lokhazikika la GPON lidapangidwa pamapeto pake.
Ukadaulo wa GPON unachokera ku muyezo waukadaulo wa ATPON womwe unapangidwa pang'onopang'ono mu 1995, ndipo PON imayimira "Passive Optical Network" mu Chingerezi. GPON (Gigabit Capable Passive Optical Network) idaperekedwa koyamba ndi bungwe la FSAN mu Seputembala 2002. Kutengera izi, ITU-T idamaliza kupanga ITU-T G.984.1 ndi G.984.2 mu Marichi 2003, ndipo G.984.3 yokhazikika mu February ndi June 2004. Chifukwa chake, banja lokhazikika la GPON lidapangidwa pamapeto pake. Kapangidwe koyambira ka zida zozikidwa paukadaulo wa GPON ndi kofanana ndi PON yomwe ilipo, yokhala ndi OLT (Optical Line Terminal) ku ofesi yayikulu, ONT/ONU (Optical Network Terminal kapena Optical Network Unit) kumapeto kwa ogwiritsa ntchito, ODN (Optical Distribution Network) yopangidwa ndi single-mode fiber (SM fiber) ndi passive splitter, ndi network management system yolumikiza zida ziwiri zoyambirira.
Kusiyana pakati pa EPON ndi GPON
GPON imagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) kuti ilole kutsitsa ndi kutsitsa nthawi imodzi. Nthawi zambiri, chonyamulira cha kuwala cha 1490nm chimagwiritsidwa ntchito potsitsa, pomwe chonyamulira cha kuwala cha 1310nm chimasankhidwa kuti chikwezedwe. Ngati zizindikiro za TV zikufunika kutumizidwa, chonyamulira cha kuwala cha 1550nm chidzagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Ngakhale kuti ONU iliyonse imatha kupeza liwiro lotsitsa la 2.488 Gbits/s, GPON imagwiritsanso ntchito Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) kuti ipereke nthawi inayake kwa wogwiritsa ntchito aliyense mu chizindikiro cha periodic.
Chiŵerengero chachikulu cha kutsitsa XGPON ndi 10Gbits/s, ndipo chiŵerengero cha kutsitsa nachonso ndi 2.5Gbit/s. Imagwiritsanso ntchito ukadaulo wa WDM, ndipo mafunde a mawaya a mawaya a mawaya a pamwamba ndi pansi ndi 1270nm ndi 1577nm, motsatana.
Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ma transmission, ma ONU ambiri amatha kugawidwa malinga ndi mtundu womwewo wa deta, ndi mtunda wokwanira wofikira mpaka 20km. Ngakhale kuti XGPON sinagwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri, imapereka njira yabwino yosinthira kwa ogwiritsa ntchito olumikizirana ndi kuwala.
EPON imagwirizana kwathunthu ndi miyezo ina ya Ethernet, kotero palibe chifukwa chosinthira kapena kuyika ma Ethernet pamene ilumikizidwa ku ma network ozikidwa pa Ethernet, ndipo mphamvu yake ndi 1518 bytes. EPON sifunikira njira yolumikizira ya CSMA/CD m'mitundu ina ya Ethernet. Kuphatikiza apo, popeza kutumiza kwa Ethernet ndiyo njira yayikulu yotumizira ma network am'deralo, palibe chifukwa chosinthira ma network protocol panthawi yosinthira kukhala ma network am'mizinda.
Palinso mtundu wa Ethernet wa 10 Gbit/s womwe umatchedwa 802.3av. Liwiro lenileni la mzere ndi 10.3125 Gbits/s. Njira yayikulu ndi 10 Gbits/s uplink ndi downlink rate, ndipo ena amagwiritsa ntchito 10 Gbits/s downlink ndi 1 Gbit/s uplink.
Mtundu wa Gbit/s umagwiritsa ntchito mafunde osiyanasiyana a kuwala pa ulusi, ndi mafunde otsika a 1575-1580nm ndi mafunde okwera a 1260-1280nm. Chifukwa chake, dongosolo la 10 Gbit/s ndi dongosolo lokhazikika la 1Gbit/s zitha kuwonjezeredwa mafunde pa ulusi womwewo.
Kuphatikiza masewera atatu
Kugwirizana kwa maukonde atatu kumatanthauza kuti pakusintha kuchokera pa netiweki yolumikizirana, netiweki ya wailesi ndi wailesi yakanema, ndi intaneti kupita ku netiweki yolumikizirana ya broadband, netiweki ya wailesi yakanema ya digito, ndi intaneti ya m'badwo wotsatira, maukonde atatuwa, kudzera mu kusintha kwaukadaulo, amakhala ndi ntchito zofanana zaukadaulo, kukula komweko kwa bizinesi, kulumikizana kwa netiweki, kugawana zinthu, ndipo amatha kupatsa ogwiritsa ntchito mawu, deta, wailesi ndi wailesi yakanema ndi ntchito zina. Kuphatikiza katatu sikutanthauza kuphatikizana kwenikweni kwa maukonde atatu akuluakulu, koma makamaka kumatanthauza kuphatikizana kwa mapulogalamu apamwamba abizinesi.
Kuphatikizana kwa maukonde atatuwa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo osiyanasiyana monga mayendedwe anzeru, kuteteza chilengedwe, ntchito za boma, chitetezo cha anthu, ndi nyumba zotetezeka. M'tsogolomu, mafoni amatha kuonera TV ndikuwona intaneti, TV imatha kuyimba foni ndikuwona intaneti, ndipo makompyuta amathanso kuyimba foni ndikuwonera TV.
Kuphatikizana kwa maukonde atatuwa kungasankhidwe mwanzeru kuchokera m'malingaliro ndi magawo osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kuphatikiza ukadaulo, kuphatikiza bizinesi, kuphatikiza mafakitale, kuphatikiza kwa terminal, ndi kuphatikiza maukonde.
Ukadaulo wa Broadband
Cholinga chachikulu cha ukadaulo wa broadband ndi ukadaulo wolumikizirana ndi fiber optic. Chimodzi mwa zolinga za kulumikizana kwa netiweki ndikupereka ntchito zogwirizana kudzera mu netiweki. Kuti mupereke ntchito zogwirizana, ndikofunikira kukhala ndi nsanja ya netiweki yomwe ingathandize kutumiza ntchito zosiyanasiyana za multimedia (zoulutsira nkhani) monga mawu ndi kanema.
Makhalidwe a mabizinesi awa ndi kufunikira kwakukulu kwa mabizinesi, kuchuluka kwa deta yambiri, komanso kufunika kwaubwino wautumiki, kotero nthawi zambiri amafunikira bandwidth yayikulu kwambiri panthawi yotumizira mauthenga. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchokera pamalingaliro azachuma, mtengo wake suyenera kukhala wokwera kwambiri. Mwanjira imeneyi, ukadaulo wolumikizirana wa fiber optic wokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso wokhazikika wakhala chisankho chabwino kwambiri pazama media otumizira mauthenga. Kukula kwa ukadaulo wa broadband, makamaka ukadaulo wolumikizirana wa optical, kumapereka bandwidth yofunikira, mtundu wotumizira mauthenga, komanso mtengo wotsika potumizira mauthenga osiyanasiyana abizinesi.
Monga ukadaulo wofunikira kwambiri pa nkhani yolankhulirana yamakono, ukadaulo wolankhulirana ndi kuwala ukukulirakulira nthawi 100 pazaka 10 zilizonse. Kutumiza kwa fiber optic komwe kuli ndi mphamvu zambiri ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri yotumizira mauthenga a "ma network atatu" komanso chonyamulira chachikulu cha msewu waukulu wazidziwitso wamtsogolo. Ukadaulo waukulu wolankhulirana ndi fiber optic wakhala ukugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa ma network olankhulirana, ma network a makompyuta, komanso ma network owulutsa ndi wailesi yakanema.
Nthawi yotumizira: Disembala-12-2024