1. Kuchepa kwambiri kwa minofu komwe kumachitika panthawi yoika
Pakuyika zingwe zamagetsi, makamaka poika zingwe zolumikizidwa mwachindunji pamtunda wa makilomita 2-3, zopinga zambiri nthawi zambiri zimakumana nazo. Kapangidwe kake nthawi zambiri kamakhala ndi antchito ambiri komanso mtunda wautali, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuonetsetsa kuti ogwira ntchito onse azichita zinthu mogwirizana. Izi zimakhala zovuta kwambiri podutsa zopinga monga mapaipi oteteza zitsulo, mapindidwe, malo otsetsereka, ndi kusintha kwa kukwera. Zotsatira zake, chinthu chomwe chimadziwika kuti "kupindika kumbuyo" (mapindidwe akufa) chingachitike, zomwe zingawononge kwambiri chingwecho. Kupindika kofa kukachitika, malo ochepetsera kwambiri adzawonekera pamalopo. Pazochitika zoopsa, kusweka pang'ono kapena kwathunthu kwa ulusi kungachitike. Ichi ndi vuto lofala panthawi yomanga zingwe zamagetsi.
Kuphatikiza apo, poika chingwe, malekezero a chingwe amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha kuwonongeka. Poika chingwe, nthawi zambiri pamakhala kuchepa kwakukulu kwa mphamvu ya chingwe. Ngakhale mutayika chingwe mobwerezabwereza, kutayika sikungachepe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chingwecho chichepetse mphamvu ya chingwe.
2. Kuchepa kwakukulu kwa mphamvu komwe kumachitika panthawi yolumikiza
Malo okwera kwambiri ochepetsera nthawi zambiri amapezeka panthawi yolumikizira. Nthawi zambiri, OTDR (Optical Time Domain Reflectometer) imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'anira. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, ulusi uliwonse ukalumikizidwa, mtengo wochepetsera womwe uli pamalo olumikizira umayesedwa. Mwachizolowezi, njira yoyesera ya bidirectional imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chifukwa cha kusiyanasiyana kwa kupanga ulusi, palibe ulusi awiri omwe ali ofanana ndendende, ndipo kusiyana kwa dayamita yamunda wa mode nthawi zonse kumakhalapo. Zotsatira zake, mtengo wotayika womwe umayesedwa ndi OTDR si kutayika kwenikweni kwa splice; kungakhale kwabwino kapena koipa. Kawirikawiri, avareji ya masamu ya bidirectional test values imatengedwa ngati mtengo weniweni wa attenuation.
Pakulumikiza, kuyang'anira nthawi yeniyeni nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zitsimikizire kuti kutayika kwa splice kukukwaniritsa zolinga zowongolera. Komabe, chifukwa chofala cha malo akuluakulu ochepetsera mphamvu kumachitika pambuyo polumikiza, panthawi yosungira ulusi. Ulusi wina ukhoza kuyikidwa mu αضغط kapena kukhala ndi radius yaying'ono kwambiri yopindika, zomwe zimapangitsa malo okwera kwambiri ochepetsera mphamvu. Izi zili choncho chifukwa ulusi womwe umagwira ntchito pa kutalika kwa 1550 nm umakhala wovuta kwambiri kutayika kwa micro-bending. Ulusi ukakanikizidwa, micro-bending imachitika; mofananamo, ngati radius yopindika ndi yaying'ono kwambiri panthawi yozungulira ulusi, kutayika kwakukulu kwa chizindikiro kumachitika pamalo amenewo. Pa OTDR backscatter curve, izi zikuwoneka ngati sitepe yayikulu yochepetsera mphamvu.
Chifukwa china chomwe nthawi zambiri sichimaganiziridwa chimachitika pambuyo poti kutseka kwa splice kwasonkhanitsidwa. Mukakonza kutseka ndikukhazikitsa chingwe, ngati chingwecho sichinakhazikike bwino mkati mwa kutsekako, kupotoka kungachitike, zomwe zingasokoneze machubu osungira ulusi. Kupsinjika kwa ulusi kumabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa kuchepa kwa ulusi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti sitepe itayike.
3. Kuchepa kwakukulu kwa mpweya komwe kumachitika panthawi yoyendetsa ndi kuyendetsa
Zingwe zamagetsi zikamapita kumalo omangira, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta. Makamaka, poika zingwe zolumikizirana za sitima, ma crane nthawi zambiri samatha kufika pamalowo. Zikatero, zingwe nthawi zambiri zimayikidwa ndi kutulutsidwa pamanja. Potsitsa, gawo lakunja la chingwe limawonongeka mosavuta. Chifukwa chimodzi ndichakuti kukula kwa chingwe cha ng'oma ndi kochepa kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chingwe chakunja chikhale pafupi kwambiri ndi nthaka. Mikhalidwe ya nthaka pamalo omangira nthawi zambiri imakhala yosiyana, yokhala ndi kuuma kosiyanasiyana. Pogubuduza chingwe cha ng'oma, imatha kulowa pansi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chingwe chakunja chiwonongeke ndi zinthu zolimba. Chifukwa chachikulu ndichakuti opanga ena amagwiritsa ntchito zingwe zazing'ono kuti achepetse ndalama zopangira.
Kuphatikiza apo, ngati ng'oma ya chingwe sitetezedwa bwino ndi matabwa amatabwa (ng'oma zina zimagwiritsa ntchito mafelemu achitsulo ndipo sizingatsekedwe kwathunthu ndi matabwa), ndipo pulasitiki yokha ndi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito, kapena ngati chophimba choteteza sichinabwezeretsedwe pambuyo poyesa ng'oma imodzi, chingwecho sichimatetezedwa mokwanira. Pamene chivundikiro chakunja chawonongeka ndi zinthu zolimba monga miyala, ulusi womwe uli mkati mwa machubu osungira umakanikizidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale njira zochepetsera. Pa curve ya OTDR backscatter, izi zimawoneka ngati malo akuluakulu ochepetsera.
4. Kuchepa kwakukulu kwa mphamvu komwe kumachitika panthawi yomaliza ntchito
Malo ochepetsera kwambiri amachitikanso nthawi zambiri akamatseka chingwe. Panthawi yomaliza, kuyang'anira kutayika kwa ma splice nthawi zambiri sikumachitika, ndipo ntchito zimadalira kwambiri zomwe zachitika, zomwe zimawonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi malo ochepetsera kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, pambuyo potseka ma fiber, poyika thireyi yosungiramo ulusi, machubu osungira pafupi ndi thireyi amatha kupindika ndi radius yaying'ono kwambiri kapena kupindika ndi kusokonekera. Izi zimapangitsa kuti malowo achepetse kwambiri.
Malo ochepetsera kuwala otere nthawi zambiri amabisika ndipo sapezeka mosavuta ngati omwe ali pakati pa chingwe pogwiritsa ntchito OTDR.
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-23-2026