Malo, Kuzindikira, ndi Kusamalira Malo Otsika Kwambiri mu Zingwe Zowala

Pakupanga mizere ya chingwe cha kuwala, magwiridwe antchito a kuchepetsedwa kwa kuwala ndi chizindikiro chofunikira kwambiri chowunikira. Nkhaniyi ikuwunika malo ndi njira zogwirira ntchito za mfundo zochepetsedwa kwambiri m'mizere ya chingwe cha kuwala kutengera momwe mzerewo ulili.

1. Malo Odziwika Kwambiri Omwe Pali Malo Ochepa Kwambiri

Pambuyo pomaliza kulumikiza chingwe cha optical, gawo lonse lobwerezabwereza nthawi zambiri limayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito OTDR (Optical Time Domain Reflectometer). Kuyesaku kumatsimikizira ngati magwiridwe antchito a chingwe chomalizidwacho akukwaniritsa zofunikira pakupanga ndi miyezo yovomerezeka. Kuwunikaku kumaphatikizapo makamaka zinthu izi:

• Kaya kuchepa konse kwa gawo lonse lobwerezabwereza kuli kotsika kuposa momwe kapangidwe kake kamafotokozera (mwachitsanzo, ngati kuchuluka kwa kuchepetsa kwapakati kuli mkati mwa malire ofunikira);
• Kaya kutayika kwa ma splice apakati pa maulumikizidwe awiriwa kukukwaniritsa miyezo yovomerezeka ndi zofunikira pa kapangidwe kake;
• Kaya curve yozungulira kumbuyo kwa gawo lobwerezabwereza ili ndi malo otsetsereka ofanana ndipo ndi yosalala. Kupatula masitepe ang'onoang'ono omwe amayambitsidwa ndi kutayika kwa splice wamba, sipayenera kukhala masitepe ochepetsera kwambiri pa curve.

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito OTDR poyesa gawo la optical repeater ndikupeza malo ochepetsera, ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa bwino magawo oyesera, monga range, wavelength, pulse width, refractive index, ndi avareji ya nthawi:

• Mayeso osiyanasiyanaSankhani malinga ndi kutalika kwa gawo lobwerezabwereza kotero kuti curve itenge pafupifupi magawo awiri mwa atatu a chophimba chowonetsera;
• Kutalika kwa mafunde: Zimatsimikiziridwa ndi dongosolo, nthawi zambiri 1310 nm ndi 1550 nm pa zingwe za trunk zoyenda mtunda wautali;
• Chizindikiro cha refractive: Yokhazikitsidwa molingana ndi zomwe wopanga ulusi amafotokozera;
• Kuchuluka kwa kugunda kwa mtima: Gawo lofunika kwambiri. Ngati ndi laling'ono kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu sikukwanira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zizindikiro zaphokoso kumapeto kwa chizindikiro; ngati ndi lalikulu kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa mayeso kumawonjezeka koma kulondola kumachepa. M'lifupi woyenera wa pulse uyenera kusankhidwa kutengera kutalika kwa chingwe kudzera mu kuyesa koyesa;
• Nthawi yapakati: Yasinthidwa kuti iwonetsetse kuti ikupindika bwino popanda phokoso looneka bwino kumchira.

Kuti mupeze zolakwika molondola, pulogalamu yowunikira ya OTDR ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kusanthula ma curve oyesera. Zolakwika nthawi zambiri zimagawidwa m'magulu awiri: zolakwika za splice point ndi zolakwika za cable body.

2. Kuthana ndi Mfundo Zochepa Kwambiri

Choyamba, dziwani ngati malo ochepetsera kwambiri ali pamalo a splice. Pa malo a splice, ulusi wonse nthawi zambiri umasonyeza masitepe ochepetsera kukula kosiyanasiyana. Mwa kusanthula ma fiber traces angapo nthawi imodzi, mutha kuwona masitepe pamalo omwewo pama curve onse. Yesani ndikuwerengera kutayika kwa splice mbali zonse ziwiri pamalo awa, lembani mitengo iliyonse yopitilira muyezo, ndikukonzekera kutsegulanso splice kuti ikonzenso.

Ngati malo ochepetsera mphamvu sali pamalo a splice, kusanthula nthawi imodzi kwa ma curve angapo kudzawonetsa kuti ulusi wina uli ndi masitepe ochepetsera mphamvu pomwe wina alibe. Izi zikusonyeza vuto mkati mwa chingwe chokha osati pa splice.

Kufotokozera Kolakwika

• Zolakwika zapafupi: Ikhoza kupezeka kuchokera pa siteshoni ya terminal pogwiritsa ntchito OTDR kuti muyese mtunda kuchokera pa malo olumikizirana apafupi;
• Zolakwika zakutali: Kupeza zinthu n'kovuta kwambiri chifukwa cha kulondola kochepa pa mtunda wautali. Zikatero, kuyesa kungachitike kuchokera ku chotsekera chapafupi. Phatikizani miyeso ya OTDR ndi zolemba zomangira ndi miyeso yamunda kuti muyese malo olakwika, nthawi zambiri mkati mwa mamita pafupifupi khumi, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kufukula ndi mtengo wake.

Njira Zoyendetsera

• Zolakwika za SpliceTsegulani kutseka kwa splice ndikubwezeretsanso ulusiwo mukuyang'anira ndi OTDR mpaka kutayika kovomerezeka kwa splice kukwaniritsidwe.
  Ngati kulumikiza mobwerezabwereza sikukwaniritsa zofunikira, yang'anani:

  • Kusintha kwa chubu cha ulusi komwe kumayambitsa kupsinjika;
  • Kupindika kwakukulu kwa ulusi panthawi yozungulira;
  • Kupsinjika kwa ulusi.

  Ngati vuto likupitirira, yang'anani zigawo za chingwe musanagwiritse ntchito komanso mutagwiritsa ntchito chingwecho. Malekezero a chingwe chowonongeka angafunike kudulidwa ndipo ulusi wonse uyenera kulumikizidwanso.

• Njira zodzitetezera: Musanalumikize chingwe, yang'anani mosamala kutalika kwa chingwe chosungidwa. Ngati mukukayikira, chepetsani kutalika kwa chingwe chowonjezera kuti mupewe zolakwika zobisika.

• Zolakwika za thupi la chingwe: Nthawi zambiri zimayambitsidwa ndi:

  • Makuponda kapena kupotoka kwakukulu;
  • Kuwonongeka kwa makina (monga kukakamizidwa ndi miyala komwe kumayambitsa kusintha kwa zinthu);
  • Mphamvu zakunja zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chubu cha ulusi chisinthe komanso kuti ulusi ukhale wofewa.

  Chithandizo chimaphatikizapo kudula gawo lowonongeka ndikuliphatikizanso. Nthawi zambiri, izi zimathetsa vuto la kuchepa kwa fupa.

Ngati mwawonongeka kwambiri, ikani chotseka cha splice, tsegulani chivundikiro chakunja, ndikukonza kapena kusintha machubu opindika. Ngati pakufunika, phatikizaninso ulusi m'machubu okhudzidwawo.

Zofunikira pa Kuyesa

Ogwira ntchito yoyesa ayenera kugwirizana ndi ogwira ntchito yolumikiza minda kuti achite mayeso m'magawo osiyanasiyana:

1. Pambuyo pomaliza kulumikiza;
2. Pambuyo pa kukonza ulusi ndi kupota;
3. Pambuyo potseka ndi kutseka chitseko cha splice.

Ogwira ntchito kumunda ayenera kuchoka pokhapokha atatsimikizira kuti vuto la kuchepetsa mphamvu lathetsedwa.