Kuwala pafupipafupi chisa ndi kufala kwa kuwala?

Tikudziwa kuti kuyambira zaka za m'ma 1990, ukadaulo wa WDM wavelength division multiplexing wakhala ukugwiritsidwa ntchito pamalumikizidwe akutali a fiber optic omwe amadutsa mazana kapena masauzande a makilomita. Kwa mayiko ambiri ndi zigawo, fiber optic infrastructure ndi chuma chawo chokwera mtengo kwambiri, pamene mtengo wa zigawo za transceiver ndizochepa.

Komabe, ndi kukula kwamphamvu kwa ma intaneti otumizira ma data monga 5G, teknoloji ya WDM yakhala yofunikira kwambiri pamalumikizidwe aafupi, ndipo kuchuluka kwa maulumikizi afupikitsa kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri, kumapangitsa kuti mtengo ndi kukula kwa zigawo za transceiver zikhale zovuta kwambiri.

Pakalipano, maukondewa amadalirabe zikwizikwi za ulusi wamtundu umodzi wokha kuti utumizenso njira zofananirako kudzera munjira zochulukitsira danga, ndipo kuchuluka kwa ma data pa tchanelo chilichonse ndikotsika, pafupifupi mazana ochepa a Gbit/s (800G). T-level ikhoza kukhala ndi mapulogalamu ochepa.

Koma m'tsogolomu, lingaliro la kufanana kwapakatikati lifika pocheperapo, ndipo liyenera kuwonjezeredwa ndi kufananiza kwamtundu wa data mumtundu uliwonse kuti apititse patsogolo kuwongolera kwamitengo ya data. Izi zitha kutsegulira malo atsopano ogwiritsira ntchito ukadaulo wawavelength division multiplexing, pomwe kuchulukira kwakukulu kwa nambala yamayendedwe ndi kuchuluka kwa data ndikofunikira.

Pamenepa, jenereta ya ma frequency comb (FCG), ngati gwero lowunikira komanso lokhazikika, imatha kupereka zonyamula zodziwika bwino, motero zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, mwayi wofunikira kwambiri wa chisa cha ma frequency optical ndikuti mizere ya zisa imakhala yofanana pafupipafupi, yomwe imatha kupumula zofunikira zamagulu achitetezo apakati komanso kupewa kuwongolera pafupipafupi komwe kumafunikira mizere imodzi pamachitidwe achikhalidwe pogwiritsa ntchito DFB laser arrays.

Tikumbukenso kuti ubwino zimenezi si ntchito pa transmitter wa wavelength division multiplexing, komanso kwa wolandira wake, kumene discrete local oscillator (LO) array akhoza m'malo ndi limodzi zisa jenereta. Kugwiritsa ntchito ma jenereta a LO kumathandizira kupititsa patsogolo ma siginecha a digito mumayendedwe ochulukitsa amtundu wa wavelength, potero amachepetsa zovuta zolandila ndikuwongolera kulekerera kwa phokoso.

Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsa ntchito ma siginecha a LO okhala ndi gawo-lotsekedwa ntchito yolandirira kogwirizana kungathenso kukonzanso mawonekedwe amtundu wamtundu wamtundu wonse wamagawo ang'onoang'ono, potero kubwezera kuwonongeka komwe kunabwera chifukwa cha kusagwirizana kwa kuwala kwa fiber transmission. Kuphatikiza pazabwino zamaganizidwe potengera kutumizira ma siginecha a chisa, kukula kwakung'ono komanso kupanga bwino kwambiri pazachuma ndizinthu zazikulu zamtsogolo zamtsogolo zagawo lawavelength ma transceivers ambiri.

Chifukwa chake, pakati pamalingaliro osiyanasiyana opangira ma zisa, zida zamtundu wa chip ndizofunikira kwambiri. Zikaphatikizidwa ndi ma scalable photonic Integrated circuits kuti azitha kusintha ma siginoloji, kuchulukitsitsa, mayendedwe, ndi kulandirira, zida zotere zitha kukhala chinsinsi cha ma transceivers ophatikizika komanso owoneka bwino a wavelength division multiplexing transceivers omwe amatha kupangidwa mochulukira pamtengo wotsika, wokhala ndi mphamvu yotumizira makumi ambiri. Tbit / s pa fiber.

Pakutuluka kwa mapeto otumiza, njira iliyonse imaphatikizidwanso kudzera mu multiplexer (MUX), ndipo chizindikiro cha wavelength division multiplexing chimafalitsidwa kudzera mu fiber single-mode. Pamapeto olandira, wavelength division multiplexing receiver (WDM Rx) amagwiritsa ntchito LO local oscillator ya FCG yachiwiri kuti azindikire kusokonezeka kwa mafunde ambiri. Njira yolumikizira yavelength division multiplexing siginecha imasiyanitsidwa ndi demultiplexer ndiyeno imatumizidwa ku gulu lolumikizana lolandila (Coh. Rx). Pakati pawo, mafupipafupi a demultiplexing a oscillator wamba LO amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo la wolandila aliyense wogwirizana. Kagwiridwe ka ulalo wa magawo ochulukitsa a kutalika kwa mafundewa mwachiwonekere kumadalira kwambiri jenereta yoyambira ya chisa, makamaka m'lifupi mwa kuwala ndi mphamvu ya kuwala ya mzere uliwonse wa chisa.

Zachidziwikire, ukadaulo wa ma frequency optical frequency akadali pachitukuko, ndipo mawonekedwe ake ogwiritsira ntchito komanso kukula kwa msika ndizochepa. Ngati ingagonjetse zopinga zaukadaulo, kuchepetsa ndalama, ndikuwongolera kudalirika, ikhoza kukwaniritsa magwiridwe antchito amtundu wamagetsi.