Ponena za zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ogwiritsa ntchito mu intaneti, nthawi zambiri timawona mawu achingerezi monga ONU, ONT, SFU, ndi HGU. Kodi mawu awa amatanthauza chiyani? Kodi kusiyana kwake ndi kotani?
1. Ma ONU ndi Ma ONT
Mitundu yayikulu yogwiritsira ntchito ya broadband optical fiber ndi iyi: FTTH, FTTO, ndi FTTB, ndipo mitundu ya zida zogwiritsira ntchito ndi yosiyana malinga ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zida zogwiritsira ntchito. Zipangizo zogwiritsira ntchito za FTTH ndi FTTO zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi wogwiritsa ntchito m'modzi, wotchedwaONT(Optical network terminal, optical network terminal), ndipo zida za FTTB zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri zimagawidwa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri, otchedwaONU(Chigawo cha Netiweki Yowoneka, gawo la netiweki yowoneka).
Wogwiritsa ntchito amene watchulidwa pano akunena za wogwiritsa ntchito amene amalipiridwa payekha ndi wogwiritsa ntchitoyo, osati chiwerengero cha ma terminal omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, ONT ya FTTH nthawi zambiri imagawidwa ndi ma terminal angapo mnyumba, koma wogwiritsa ntchito m'modzi yekha ndiye angawerengedwe.
2. Mitundu ya ONTs
ONT ndi chomwe nthawi zambiri timachitcha kuti modemu yowunikira, yomwe imagawidwa m'magulu awiri: SFU (Single Family Unit, single family user unit), HGU (Home Gateway Unit, home gateway unit) ndi SBU (Single Business Unit, single business user unit).
2.1. SFU
Nthawi zambiri SFU imakhala ndi ma interface a Ethernet 1 mpaka 4, ma interface a foni okhazikika 1 mpaka 2, ndipo mitundu ina ilinso ndi ma interface a TV ya chingwe. SFU ilibe ntchito yolowera pakhomo, ndipo terminal yolumikizidwa ku doko la Ethernet yokha ndi yomwe ingalumikizane kuti ilowe pa intaneti, ndipo ntchito yoyang'anira kutali ndi yofooka. Modem yowala yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kumayambiriro kwa FTTH ndi ya SFU, yomwe siigwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri masiku ano.
2.2. Ma HGU
Ma modemu opangidwa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito FTTH omwe adatsegulidwa m'zaka zaposachedwa onse ndiHGUPoyerekeza ndi SFU, HGU ili ndi ubwino wotsatira:
(1) HGU ndi chipangizo cholowera, chomwe chili chosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito pa intaneti yapakhomo; pomwe SFU ndi chipangizo cholumikizira chowonekera bwino, chomwe chilibe mphamvu zolowera, ndipo nthawi zambiri chimafuna mgwirizano wa zida zolowera monga ma rauta apakhomo pa intaneti yapakhomo.
(2) HGU imathandizira njira yoyendetsera zinthu ndipo ili ndi ntchito ya NAT, yomwe ndi chipangizo cha layer-3; pomwe mtundu wa SFU umathandizira njira yolumikizira layer-2 yokha, yomwe ndi yofanana ndi switch ya layer-2.
(3) HGU ikhoza kukhazikitsa pulogalamu yakeyake yolumikizira ma intaneti, ndipo makompyuta olumikizidwa ndi ma terminal a mafoni amatha kulowa pa intaneti mwachindunji popanda kuyimba; pomwe SFU iyenera kuyimba ndi kompyuta ya wogwiritsa ntchito kapena foni yam'manja kapena kudzera pa rauta yapakhomo.
(4) HGU ndi yosavuta pa ntchito yayikulu komanso kasamalidwe kosamalira.
HGU nthawi zambiri imabwera ndiWifi ndipo ili ndi doko la USB.
2.3. Ma SBU
SBU imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kuti ogwiritsa ntchito azitha kugwiritsa ntchito FTTO, ndipo nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mawonekedwe a Ethernet, ndipo mitundu ina imakhala ndi mawonekedwe a E1, mawonekedwe a landline, kapena ntchito ya wifi. Poyerekeza ndi SFU ndi HGU, SBU ili ndi chitetezo chabwino chamagetsi komanso kukhazikika kwapamwamba, ndipo imagwiritsidwanso ntchito nthawi zambiri pazochitika zakunja monga kuyang'anira makanema.
3. ONUTinde
ONU yagawidwa m'magulu awiri:MDU(Chipinda Chokhala ndi Anthu Ambiri, Chipinda Chokhala ndi Anthu Ambiri) ndi MTU (Chipinda Chokhala ndi Anthu Ambiri, Chipinda Chokhala ndi Anthu Ambiri).
MDU imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kuti anthu ambiri okhala m'nyumba azitha kupeza intaneti pogwiritsa ntchito FTTB application type, ndipo nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi ma interfaces osachepera anayi, nthawi zambiri okhala ndi ma interfaces 8, 16, 24 FE kapena FE+POTS (fixed telephone).
MTU imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kuti ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri amakampani azitha kupeza kapena ma terminal angapo mu bizinesi imodzi mu FTTB. Kuwonjezera pa Ethernet interface ndi fixed telephone interface, ingakhalenso ndi E1 interface; mawonekedwe ndi ntchito ya MTU nthawi zambiri sizifanana ndi za MDU. Kusiyana kwake, koma magwiridwe antchito achitetezo chamagetsi ndi abwino ndipo kukhazikika kwake kuli kwakukulu. Ndi kufalikira kwa FTTO, zochitika za MTU zikuchepa kwambiri.
4. Chidule
Kufikira kwa ulusi wa Broadband kumatengera ukadaulo wa PON. Ngati mtundu weniweni wa zida zogwiritsira ntchito sunasiyanitsidwe, zida zogwiritsira ntchito za PON system zimatha kutchedwa ONU.
ONU, ONT, SFU, HGU…izi zipangizo Zonsezi zikufotokoza zida zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito amagwiritsa ntchito kuti azitha kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti kuchokera mbali zosiyanasiyana, ndipo ubale pakati pawo ukuwonetsedwa pachithunzi chili pansipa.
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-21-2023