1. Gulu laFiberAmpplifiers
Pali mitundu itatu yayikulu ya amplifiers optical:
(1) Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (SOA, Semiconductor Optical Amplifier);
(2) Ma amplifiers owoneka bwino okhala ndi zinthu zosowa zapadziko lapansi (erbium Er, thulium Tm, praseodymium Pr, rubidium Nd, ndi zina), makamaka zokulitsa za erbium-doped fiber (EDFA), komanso thulium-doped fiber amplifiers (TDFA) ndi praseodymium-doped fiber amplifiers (PDFA), etc.
(3) Ma amplifiers osagwirizana ndi fiber, makamaka fiber Raman amplifiers (FRA, Fiber Raman Amplifier).Kuyerekeza kwakukulu kwa ma amplifiers owoneka awa kukuwonetsedwa patebulo
EDFA (Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier)
Dongosolo la laser lamitundu yambiri limatha kupangidwa ndi doping ulusi wa quartz wokhala ndi zinthu zosawerengeka zapadziko lapansi (monga Nd, Er, Pr, Tm, etc.), ndipo kuwala kwa siginecha yolowera kumakulitsidwa mwachindunji pansi pakuwala kwapampu.Pambuyo popereka ndemanga yoyenera, laser fiber imapangidwa.Kutalika kogwira ntchito kwa Nd-doped fiber amplifier ndi 1060nm ndi 1330nm, ndipo kukula kwake ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kumakhala kochepa chifukwa cha kupatuka kwa doko labwino kwambiri lakuya kwa fiber optic kulankhulana ndi zifukwa zina.Mafunde amtundu wa EDFA ndi PDFA ali pawindo lotsika kwambiri (1550nm) ndi zero dispersion wavelength (1300nm) ya optical fiber communication, ndipo TDFA imagwira ntchito mu S-band, yomwe ili yoyenera kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito makina opangira mauthenga. .Makamaka EDFA, chitukuko chofulumira kwambiri, chakhala chothandiza.
ThePChithunzi cha EDFA
Mapangidwe oyambira a EDFA akuwonetsedwa m'chithunzi 1(a), chomwe chimapangidwa makamaka ndi sing'anga yogwira (erbium-doped silica fiber pafupifupi makumi a mita kutalika, yokhala ndi mainchesi a 3-5 microns ndi kuchuluka kwa doping (25). -1000)x10-6) , gwero la kuwala kwa mpope (990 kapena 1480nm LD), chophatikizira chowoneka bwino komanso chopatula chamagetsi.Kuwala kwa siginecha ndi kuwala kwapampu kumatha kufalikira mbali imodzi (kupopa kozungulira), mbali zotsutsana (kupopa mobwerera) kapena mbali zonse ziwiri (kupopa kwapawiri) mu erbium fiber.Pamene kuwala kwa chizindikiro ndi kuwala kwa mpope kumalowetsedwa mu fiber ya erbium panthawi imodzimodziyo, ma ion a erbium amasangalala ndi msinkhu wa mphamvu kwambiri pansi pa ntchito ya kuwala kwa pampu (Chithunzi 1 (b), dongosolo la magawo atatu), ndipo mwamsanga kuwola ku mlingo wa mphamvu ya metastable , ikabwerera ku nthaka pansi pa zochitika za kuwala kwa chizindikiro cha chochitika, imatulutsa ma photons ogwirizana ndi kuwala kwa chizindikiro, kotero kuti chizindikirocho chikule.Chithunzi 1 (c) ndi mawonekedwe ake opangidwa modzidzimutsa (ASE) okhala ndi bandiwifi yayikulu (mpaka 20-40nm) ndi nsonga ziwiri zogwirizana ndi 1530nm ndi 1550nm motsatana.
Ubwino waukulu wa EDFA ndi kupindula kwakukulu, bandwidth yayikulu, mphamvu yotulutsa mphamvu, mphamvu yapopu yapamwamba, kutayika kochepa koyikirako, komanso kusakhudzidwa ndi polarization state.
2. Mavuto ndi Fiber Optical Amplifiers
Ngakhale amplifier kuwala (makamaka EDFA) ali ndi zabwino zambiri zabwino, si amplifier abwino.Kuphatikiza pa phokoso lowonjezera lomwe limachepetsa SNR ya siginecha, pali zolakwika zina, monga:
- Kusagwirizana kwa sipekitiramu yopindula mkati mwa bandwidth ya amplifier kumakhudza magwiridwe antchito am'njira zambiri;
- Pamene amplifiers optical akutsika, zotsatira za ASE phokoso, fiber dispersion ndi zotsatira zopanda malire zidzaunjikana.
Nkhanizi ziyenera kuganiziridwa pakugwiritsa ntchito komanso kamangidwe kadongosolo.
3. Kugwiritsa ntchito Optical Amplifier mu Optical Fiber Communication System
Mu optical fiber communication system, theFiber Optical Amplifierangagwiritsidwe ntchito osati ngati mphamvu kulimbikitsa amplifier wa transmitter kuonjezera mphamvu kufala, komanso monga preamplifier wa wolandirayo kusintha tilinazo kulandira, komanso akhoza m'malo mwa chikhalidwe kuwala-electrical-optical repeater, kuwonjezera kufala. mtunda ndi kuzindikira kulumikizana konsekonse.
M'makina olankhulirana opangidwa ndi optical fiber, zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimalepheretsa kufalikira kwa mtunda ndikutayika ndi kubalalitsidwa kwa ulusi wa kuwala.Pogwiritsa ntchito gwero la kuwala kocheperako, kapena kugwira ntchito pafupi ndi zero-dispersion wavelength, mphamvu ya fiber dispersion ndi yaying'ono.Dongosololi siliyenera kuchita kukonzanso nthawi yazizindikiro (3R relay) pamalo aliwonse otumizirana mauthenga.Ndikokwanira kukulitsa mwachindunji chizindikiro cha kuwala ndi amplifier optical (1R relay).Optical amplifiers angagwiritsidwe ntchito osati pamakina aatali atali komanso mumayendedwe ogawa fiber optical, makamaka mu machitidwe a WDM, kukulitsa njira zingapo panthawi imodzi.
1) Kugwiritsa ntchito Optical Amplifiers mu Trunk Optical Fiber Communication Systems
Mkuyu 2 ndi schematic chithunzi cha ntchito kuwala amplifier mu thunthu kuwala CHIKWANGWANI kulankhulana dongosolo.(a) chithunzichi chikuwonetsa kuti amplifier optical imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chowonjezera mphamvu cha transmitter ndi preamplifier ya wolandila kuti mtunda wosabweza upitirire kawiri.Mwachitsanzo, kutengera EDFA, njira yotumizira mtunda wa 1.8Gb/s ukuwonjezeka kuchokera 120km kufika 250km kapena kufika 400km.Chithunzi 2 (b) - (d) ndikugwiritsa ntchito ma amplifiers opangira ma multi-relay systems;Chithunzi (b) ndi chikhalidwe cha 3R relay mode;Chithunzi (c) ndi njira yosakanikirana ya relay ya 3R obwereza ndi amplifiers optical;Chithunzi 2 (d) Ndi njira yowonetsera zonse;mu njira yolankhulirana yowona zonse, sizimaphatikizapo maulendo a nthawi ndi kusinthika, kotero zimakhala zowonekera pang'ono, ndipo palibe choletsa "whisker botolo lamagetsi".Malingana ngati zipangizo zotumizira ndi kulandira pamapeto onse awiri zimasinthidwa, N'zosavuta kukweza kuchokera pamtengo wochepa kupita kumtunda wapamwamba, ndipo amplifier optical sichiyenera kusinthidwa.
2) Kugwiritsa ntchito Optical Amplifier mu Optical Fiber Distribution Network
Ubwino waukulu wotulutsa mphamvu zamawu amplifiers (makamaka EDFA) ndiwothandiza kwambiri pakugawa maukonde (mongaCATVNetworks).Maukonde achikhalidwe a CATV amatengera chingwe cha coaxial, chomwe chimayenera kukulitsidwa pamamita mazana angapo aliwonse, ndipo utali wamtundu wa maukonde ndi pafupifupi 7km.The kuwala CHIKWANGWANI CATV maukonde ntchito amplifiers kuwala sangangowonjezera kwambiri chiwerengero cha owerenga anagawira, komanso kwambiri kukulitsa maukonde njira.Zomwe zachitika posachedwa zawonetsa kuti kugawa kwa optical fiber/hybrid (HFC) kumakopa mphamvu zonse ziwiri ndipo kumakhala ndi mpikisano wamphamvu.
Chithunzi 4 ndi chitsanzo cha optical fiber distribution network ya AM-VSB modulation ya 35 channels of TV.Gwero la kuwala kwa transmitter ndi DFB-LD yokhala ndi kutalika kwa 1550nm ndi mphamvu yotulutsa ya 3.3dBm.Pogwiritsa ntchito EDFA ya 4-level monga amplifier yogawa mphamvu, mphamvu yake yolowera ili pafupi -6dBm, ndipo mphamvu yake yotulutsa ili pafupi 13dBm.Kumverera kwa wolandila kwa Optical -9.2d Bm.Pambuyo pa magawo 4 ogawa, chiwerengero cha ogwiritsa ntchito chafika pa 4.2 miliyoni, ndipo njira ya intaneti ndi yoposa makumi a makilomita.Chiŵerengero cholemetsa cha chizindikiro-ku-phokoso cha mayeso chinali chachikulu kuposa 45dB, ndipo EDFA sichinapangitse kuchepetsa CSO.
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-23-2023