1. Kugawa magulu aFiberAma amplifiers
Pali mitundu itatu ikuluikulu ya ma amplifiers a kuwala:
(1) Chowonjezera Mphamvu ya Optical Amplifier (SOA, Chowonjezera Mphamvu ya Optical Amplifier);
(2) Ma amplifiers a fiber optical okhala ndi zinthu zosadziwika bwino zapadziko lapansi (erbium Er, thulium Tm, praseodymium Pr, rubidium Nd, ndi zina zotero), makamaka ma amplifiers a fiber opangidwa ndi erbium (EDFA), komanso ma amplifiers a thulium-doped fiber (TDFA) ndi ma amplifiers a praseodymium-doped fiber (PDFA), ndi zina zotero.
(3) Ma amplifiers a ulusi osalunjika, makamaka ma amplifiers a ulusi wa Raman (FRA, Fiber Raman Amplifier). Kuyerekeza kwakukulu kwa magwiridwe antchito a ma amplifiers awa akuwonetsedwa patebulo.
EDFA (Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier)
Dongosolo la laser la magawo ambiri lingapangidwe mwa kugwiritsa ntchito ulusi wa quartz ndi zinthu zosadziwika bwino zapadziko lapansi (monga Nd, Er, Pr, Tm, ndi zina zotero), ndipo kuwala kwa chizindikiro cholowera kumakulitsidwa mwachindunji pansi pa mphamvu ya kuwala kwa pampu. Pambuyo popereka mayankho oyenera, laser ya fiber imapangidwa. Kutalika kwa nthawi yogwira ntchito kwa amplifier ya fiber-doped ya Nd ndi 1060nm ndi 1330nm, ndipo chitukuko ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake ndizochepa chifukwa cha kusiyana ndi doko labwino kwambiri la kulumikizana kwa fiber optic ndi zifukwa zina. Kutalika kwa nthawi yogwira ntchito kwa EDFA ndi PDFA kuli muwindo la kutayika kochepa kwambiri (1550nm) ndi kutalika kwa nthawi kosafalikira (1300nm) kwa kulumikizana kwa fiber optic, ndipo TDFA imagwira ntchito mu S-band, yomwe ndi yoyenera kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito makina olumikizirana a fiber optic. Makamaka EDFA, yomwe ndi chitukuko chofulumira kwambiri, yakhala yothandiza.
ThePchipolopolo cha EDFA
Kapangidwe koyambira ka EDFA kakuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 1(a), komwe kumapangidwa makamaka ndi chogwirira ntchito (ulusi wa silica wopangidwa ndi erbium wokhala ndi kutalika kwa mamita makumi, wokhala ndi mainchesi 3-5 ndi kuchuluka kwa doping kwa (25-1000)x10-6), gwero la kuwala kwa pampu (990 kapena 1480nm LD), cholumikizira cha optical ndi chosiyanitsa kuwala. Kuwala kwa chizindikiro ndi kuwala kwa pampu kumatha kufalikira mbali imodzi (codirectional pumping), mbali zosiyana (reverse pumping) kapena mbali zonse ziwiri (bidirectional pumping) mu ulusi wa erbium. Kuwala kwa chizindikiro ndi kuwala kwa pampu zikalowetsedwa mu ulusi wa erbium nthawi imodzi, ma ion a erbium amasunthika kufika pamlingo wapamwamba wa mphamvu pansi pa ntchito ya kuwala kwa pampu (Chithunzi 1 (b), dongosolo la magawo atatu), ndipo amawola mwachangu kufika pamlingo wa mphamvu wokhazikika, akabwerera ku nthaka pansi pa ntchito ya kuwala kwa chizindikiro, amatulutsa ma photon ofanana ndi kuwala kwa chizindikiro, kotero kuti chizindikirocho chikukulitsidwa. Chithunzi 1 (c) ndi mtundu wake wa amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) spectrum yokhala ndi bandwidth yayikulu (mpaka 20-40nm) ndi ma peak awiri ofanana ndi 1530nm ndi 1550nm motsatana.
Ubwino waukulu wa EDFA ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu, bandwidth yayikulu, mphamvu yotulutsa mphamvu zambiri, kugwira ntchito bwino kwa pampu, kutayika kochepa kwa insertion, komanso kusakhudzidwa ndi momwe polarization imagwirira ntchito.
2. Mavuto ndi Ma Amplifiers a Fiber Optical
Ngakhale kuti amplifier ya kuwala (makamaka EDFA) ili ndi zabwino zambiri, si amplifier yoyenera. Kuwonjezera pa phokoso lowonjezera lomwe limachepetsa SNR ya chizindikiro, palinso zolakwika zina, monga:
- Kusalingana kwa ma gain spectrum mkati mwa bandwidth ya amplifier kumakhudza magwiridwe antchito a multi-channel amplification;
- Pamene ma amplifiers a kuwala achotsedwa, zotsatira za phokoso la ASE, kufalikira kwa ulusi ndi zotsatira zosalunjika zidzawonjezeka.
Nkhani izi ziyenera kuganiziridwa pogwiritsira ntchito ndi kupanga makina.
3. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Amplifier Yowunikira mu Dongosolo Lolumikizirana la Ulusi Wowoneka
Mu dongosolo lolumikizirana ndi ulusi wa kuwala,CHIKWANGWANI Optical amplifierIngagwiritsidwe ntchito osati ngati chowonjezera mphamvu cha chotumizira kuti chiwonjezere mphamvu yotumizira, komanso ngati choyatsira chisanadze cholandirira kuti chiwongolere kukhudzidwa kolandira, komanso chingalowe m'malo mwa chobwerezabwereza chachikhalidwe cha kuwala, kuti chiwonjezere mtunda wotumizira ndikukwaniritsa kulumikizana kwa kuwala konse.
Mu makina olumikizirana a ulusi wa kuwala, zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimalepheretsa mtunda wotumizira ndi kutayika ndi kufalikira kwa ulusi wa kuwala. Pogwiritsa ntchito gwero la kuwala kopapatiza, kapena kugwira ntchito pafupi ndi kutalika kwa zero-dispersion, mphamvu ya kufalikira kwa ulusi ndi yochepa. Dongosololi silifunika kuchita kukonzanso nthawi yonse ya chizindikiro (3R relay) pa siteshoni iliyonse yolumikizirana. Ndikokwanira kukulitsa mwachindunji chizindikiro cha kuwala ndi amplifier ya kuwala (1R relay). Ma amplifier a kuwala angagwiritsidwe ntchito osati m'makina a trunk akutali okha komanso m'ma network ogawa ulusi wa kuwala, makamaka m'makina a WDM, kuti akulitse njira zingapo nthawi imodzi.
1) Kugwiritsa Ntchito Ma Amplifiers Optical mu Trunk Optical Fiber Communication Systems
Chithunzi 2 ndi chithunzi chosonyeza momwe optical amplifier imagwiritsidwira ntchito mu trunk optical fiber communication system. (a) chithunzichi chikuwonetsa kuti optical amplifier imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati power boost amplifier ya transmitter ndi preamplifier ya receiver kotero kuti mtunda wosadutsa uwirikize kawiri. Mwachitsanzo, pogwiritsa ntchito EDFA, system transmission Mtunda wa 1.8Gb/s ukuwonjezeka kuchoka pa 120km kufika pa 250km kapena kufika pa 400km. Chithunzi 2 (b)-(d) ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ma amplifiers a kuwala mu machitidwe ambiri obwerezabwereza; Chithunzi (b) ndi njira yachikhalidwe yotumizirana ya 3R; Chithunzi (c) ndi njira yolumikizirana yosakanikirana ya ma repeaters a 3R ndi ma amplifiers a kuwala; Chithunzi 2 (d) Ndi njira yotumizirana yozungulira yonse; mu dongosolo lolumikizirana lozungulira yonse, siliphatikizapo ma circuits a nthawi ndi kukonzanso, kotero ndi lowonekera pang'ono, ndipo palibe choletsa cha "electronic bottle whisker". Bola ngati zida zotumizira ndi kulandira mbali zonse ziwiri zasinthidwa, N'zosavuta kusintha kuchoka pa liwiro lotsika kufika pa liwiro lokwera, ndipo amplifier ya kuwala sikufunika kusinthidwa.
2) Kugwiritsa ntchito Amplifier ya Optical mu Optical Fiber Distribution Network
Ubwino wa mphamvu yayikulu yotulutsa ma amplifiers a kuwala (makamaka EDFA) ndi wothandiza kwambiri pa ma network ogawa ma broadband (mongaCATVMa Network). Netiweki yachikhalidwe ya CATV imagwiritsa ntchito chingwe cha coaxial, chomwe chimayenera kukulitsidwa mamita mazana angapo aliwonse, ndipo kutalika kwa netiweki ndi pafupifupi 7km. Netiweki ya CATV ya ulusi wowala pogwiritsa ntchito ma amplifiers optical sikuti imangowonjezera chiwerengero cha ogwiritsa ntchito omwe amagawidwa, komanso imakulitsa kwambiri njira ya netiweki. Zomwe zachitika posachedwapa zasonyeza kuti kufalikira kwa ulusi wowala/wosakanikirana (HFC) kumakopa mphamvu zonse ziwiri ndipo kuli ndi mpikisano wamphamvu.
Chithunzi 4 ndi chitsanzo cha netiweki yogawa ulusi wa kuwala yogwiritsira ntchito AM-VSB modulation ya ma TV 35. Gwero la kuwala kwa chotumizira ndi DFB-LD yokhala ndi kutalika kwa 1550nm ndi mphamvu yotulutsa ya 3.3dBm. Pogwiritsa ntchito EDFA ya magawo anayi ngati amplifier yogawa mphamvu, mphamvu yake yolowera ndi pafupifupi -6dBm, ndipo mphamvu yake yotulutsa ndi pafupifupi 13dBm. Kuzindikira kwa wolandila kuwala -9.2d Bm. Pambuyo pa magawo anayi ogawa, chiwerengero chonse cha ogwiritsa ntchito chafika pa 4.2 miliyoni, ndipo njira ya netiweki ndi yoposa makilomita makumi. Chiŵerengero cha chizindikiro-kwa-phokoso cholemera cha mayeso chinali chachikulu kuposa 45dB, ndipo EDFA sinachepetse CSO.
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-23-2023