EPON (Ethernet Passive Optical Network)
Ethernet passive optical network ndi ukadaulo wa PON wozikidwa pa Ethernet. Imatengera mfundo yopangira ma multipoint komanso kufala kwa fiber optic, kupereka mautumiki angapo pa Ethernet. Tekinoloje ya EPON imakhazikitsidwa ndi gulu la ogwira ntchito la IEEE802.3 EFM. Mu June 2004, gulu logwira ntchito la IEEE802.3EFM linatulutsa muyezo wa EPON - IEEE802.3ah (wophatikizidwa mu IEEE802.3-2005 mu 2005).
Muyeso uwu, matekinoloje a Efaneti ndi PON akuphatikizidwa, ndi teknoloji ya PON yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamtundu wa thupi ndi Ethernet protocol yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa data link layer, pogwiritsa ntchito topology ya PON kuti ifike pa Ethernet. Choncho, chimaphatikiza ubwino PON luso ndi Efaneti luso: mtengo wotsika, bandiwifi mkulu, scalability wamphamvu, ngakhale ndi Efaneti alipo, kasamalidwe yabwino, etc.
GPON (Gigabit-Capable PON)
Ukadaulo ndi m'badwo waposachedwa wa Broadband passive Optical Integrated access standard yochokera ku ITU-TG.984. x muyezo, womwe uli ndi zabwino zambiri monga bandwidth yayikulu, kuchita bwino kwambiri, malo ofikira ambiri, komanso malo ogwiritsira ntchito olemera. Imawonedwa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri ngati ukadaulo wabwino wokwaniritsa ma Broadband ndikusintha kwathunthu kwa mautumiki apaintaneti. GPON idaperekedwa koyamba ndi bungwe la FSAN mu September 2002. Malingana ndi izi, ITU-T inamaliza chitukuko cha ITU-T G.984.1 ndi G.984.2 mu March 2003, ndipo inakhazikitsa G.984.3 mu February ndi June 2004. Choncho, banja lokhazikika la GPON lidapangidwa.
Tekinoloje ya GPON idachokera ku mulingo waukadaulo wa ATMPON womwe unapangidwa pang'onopang'ono mu 1995, ndipo PON imayimira "Passive Optical Network" mu Chingerezi. GPON (Gigabit Capable Passive Optical Network) idakonzedwa koyamba ndi bungwe la FSAN mu September 2002. Malingana ndi izi, ITU-T inamaliza chitukuko cha ITU-T G.984.1 ndi G.984.2 mu March 2003, ndipo inakhazikitsa G.984.3 mu February ndi June 2004. Choncho, banja lokhazikika la GPON linapangidwa potsiriza. Kapangidwe kake ka zida zochokera kuukadaulo wa GPON ndizofanana ndi PON yomwe ilipo, yomwe ili ndi OLT (Optical Line Terminal) kuofesi yapakati, ONT/ONU (Optical Network Terminal kapena Optical Network Unit) kumapeto kwa ogwiritsa ntchito, ODN (Optical Distribution Network ) wopangidwa ndi single-mode fiber (SM fiber) ndi passive splitter, ndi network management system yolumikiza zida ziwiri zoyambirira.
Kusiyana pakati pa EPON ndi GPON
GPON imagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) kuti athe kutsitsa ndikutsitsa munthawi yomweyo. Nthawi zambiri, chonyamulira chowoneka bwino cha 1490nm chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsitsa, pomwe chonyamula cha 1310nm chimasankhidwa kuti chiyike. Ngati ma siginecha a pa TV akufunika kufalitsidwa, chonyamulira chowoneka bwino cha 1550nm chidzagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Ngakhale kuti ONU iliyonse imatha kutsitsa liwiro la 2.488 Gbits/s, GPON imagwiritsanso ntchito Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) kuti igawane nthawi inayake kwa wogwiritsa ntchito aliyense mu siginecha yanthawi.
Kutsitsa kwakukulu kwa XGPON kumafika ku 10Gbits/s, komanso kutsitsanso ndi 2.5Gbit/s. Imagwiritsanso ntchito ukadaulo wa WDM, ndipo kutalika kwa mafunde okwera ndi otsika ndi 1270nm ndi 1577nm, motsatana.
Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa kufalikira, ma ONU ochulukirapo amatha kugawidwa molingana ndi mtundu womwewo wa data, wokhala ndi mtunda wopitilira mpaka 20km. Ngakhale XGPON siinatengedwe kwambiri pano, imapereka njira yabwino yopititsira patsogolo kwa ogwiritsa ntchito optical communication.
EPON imagwirizana kwathunthu ndi miyezo ina ya Efaneti, kotero palibe chifukwa chosinthira kapena kutsekera mukalumikizidwa ndi netiweki ya Efaneti, yokhala ndi malipiro apamwamba a 1518 byte. EPON sifunikira njira yopezera CSMA/CD mumitundu ina ya Efaneti. Komanso, monga Efaneti kufala ndi njira yaikulu ya m'deralo kufala maukonde, palibe chifukwa maukonde protocol kutembenuka pa Mokweza kuti maukonde m'dera metropolitan.
Palinso mtundu wa 10 Gbit/s Efaneti wotchulidwa kuti 802.3av. Liwiro lenileni la mzere ndi 10.3125 Gbits/s. Njira yayikulu ndi 10 Gbits/s uplink ndi downlink rate, ena amagwiritsa ntchito 10 Gbits/s downlink ndi 1 Gbit/s uplink.
Mtundu wa Gbit/s umagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana owoneka bwino pa ulusi, wokhala ndi kutalika kwa 1575-1580nm komanso kutalika kwa mtunda kwa 1260-1280nm. Chifukwa chake, dongosolo la 10 Gbit/s ndi dongosolo lokhazikika la 1Gbit/s litha kuchulukitsidwa ndi mafunde pamtundu womwewo.
Kuphatikizika kosewera katatu
Kulumikizana kwa ma netiweki atatu kumatanthawuza kuti pakusinthika kuchokera ku ma telecommunication network, wailesi ndi kanema wawayilesi, ndi intaneti kupita ku netiweki yolumikizirana ma Broadband, network yapa TV ya digito, ndi intaneti ya m'badwo wotsatira, maukonde atatuwa, kudzera mukusintha kwaukadaulo, amakhala ndi ntchito zaukadaulo zomwezo, kuchuluka kwabizinesi komweko, kulumikizana kwa netiweki, kugawana zinthu, ndipo zitha kupatsa ogwiritsa ntchito mawu, data, wailesi ndi wailesi yakanema ndi ntchito zina. Kuphatikizika katatu sikutanthauza kuphatikizika kwa maukonde atatu akulu akulu, koma makamaka kuphatikizika kwamabizinesi apamwamba.
Kuphatikizana kwa maukonde atatuwa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo osiyanasiyana monga mayendedwe anzeru, kuteteza chilengedwe, ntchito zaboma, chitetezo cha anthu, komanso nyumba zotetezeka. M’tsogolomu, mafoni a m’manja amatha kuonera TV ndi kuonera pa Intaneti, TV imatha kuimba foni komanso kuona zinthu pa intaneti, komanso makompyuta amatha kuimba foni komanso kuonera TV.
Kuphatikizika kwa maukonde atatuwa kungathe kufufuzidwa mwamalingaliro ndi magawo osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kugwirizanitsa zipangizo zamakono, kugwirizanitsa malonda, kugwirizanitsa makampani, kugwirizanitsa ma terminal, ndi kugwirizanitsa maukonde.
Tekinoloje ya Broadband
Thupi lalikulu laukadaulo wa Broadband ndiukadaulo wolumikizana ndi fiber optic. Chimodzi mwazolinga zogwirizanitsa maukonde ndikupereka mautumiki ogwirizana kudzera pa intaneti. Kuti mupereke mautumiki ogwirizana, ndikofunikira kukhala ndi nsanja yapaintaneti yomwe ingathe kuthandizira kufalitsa mautumiki osiyanasiyana amtundu wa multimedia (kutsitsa) monga ma audio ndi makanema.
Makhalidwe a mabizinesiwa ndi kufunikira kwakukulu kwamabizinesi, kuchuluka kwa data, komanso zofunikira zamtundu wapamwamba, kotero nthawi zambiri zimafunikira bandwidth yayikulu kwambiri pakutumiza. Komanso, pazachuma, mtengo suyenera kukhala wokwera kwambiri. Mwanjira iyi, ukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri komanso wokhazikika wa fiber optic communication yakhala chisankho chabwino kwambiri pakufalitsa media. Kukula kwaukadaulo wa Broadband, makamaka ukadaulo wolumikizirana ndi kuwala, kumapereka bandwidth yofunikira, mtundu wotumizira, komanso mtengo wotsika wotumizira zidziwitso zosiyanasiyana zamabizinesi.
Monga mzati waukadaulo m'munda wamakono wolumikizirana, ukadaulo wolumikizirana ndi kuwala ukukulirakulira kuwirikiza ka 100 zaka 10 zilizonse. Kutumiza kwa Fiber optic yokhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu ndiye njira yabwino yotumizira "ma network atatu" komanso chonyamulira chachikulu chamsewu wazidziwitso zamtsogolo. Tekinoloje yayikulu yolumikizirana ndi fiber optic yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pama network a telecommunication, makompyuta apakompyuta, komanso pawayilesi ndi wailesi yakanema.
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-12-2024